疫苗

In the experiment group, 11.76% of the children had fever,3.64% had signs of rash, and local side effect rate and other side effect rate was 0.44%, 0.33% respectively. There was significant difference in fever rate between experiment group with Shanghai MMR vaccine and control groups with mump vaccine and rubella vaccine.

与对照疫苗比较，仅沪MMR疫苗发热率高于腮腺炎疫苗及风疹疫苗，差异有统计学意义，其他各反应差异均无统计学意义。

Although intense monitoring of vaccine safety continues, all data compiled to date indicate that pandemic vaccines match the excellent safety profile of seasonal influenza vaccines, which have been used for more than 60 years.

虽然对H1N1流感疫苗的安全性监测仍在继续进行，但目前所有汇总数据表明，H1N1流感疫苗相和季节性流感疫苗一样安全（人类使用季节性流感疫苗的历史已超过了60年，安全性的到了很好的验证）。

Considerable progress has been made in the production and use of rabies vaccines in the past century from nerve-tissue vaccines、embryonated egg vaccines to cell-culture vaccines.

在过去的一个世纪里，狂犬病疫苗研制及使用取得了巨大进步，先后经历了神经组织培养疫苗、禽胚疫苗和细胞培养疫苗的发展阶段。

The dynamic changes of the number of T or B lymphocytes and the content of immunoglobulin G, IgM, IgA in peripheral blood, the number of CD〓, CD〓 lymphocyte subpopulation, T〓 cells and IgG, IgM, IgA antibody-producing cells, the ratios of CD〓 and CD〓 T cells in immune organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and immune tissues (cecal tonsils and Harderian glands), the content of IgA, IgM, IgG in local fluid (tear, tracheal fluid, intestinal fluid and bile) of one-day chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and CIAV-infected chicks immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine were determined respectively by immunohistochemistry, immunogold-silves and immunoenzyme staining in order to reveal mechanism of immunopathogenesis of chicks infected with CIAV and influence of immune responses of CIAV-infected chicks to ND vaccine.

中文题名雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒后免疫变化和对新城疫疫苗的应答及其免疫机理副题名外文题名 Immune changes of chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and immune response and mechanism to Newcastle disease vaccine immunity 论文作者郑世民导师刘忠贵教授学科专业基础兽医学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位东北农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数105页关键词鸡传染性贫血病雏鸡新城疫疫苗馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S858 /9 本项研究采用免疫组织化学、免疫胶体金及免疫酶方法，首次对CIAV感染1日龄雏鸡和CIAV感染雏鸡ND疫苗免疫及vNDV攻击后，其外周血液的T细胞、B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量；中枢免疫器官胸腺和法氏囊，外周免疫器官脾脏及呼吸道和消化道局部粘膜免疫组织哈德尔腺和盲肠扁桃体的ANAE〓、CD4〓、CD〓T细胞、IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量和CD〓与CD〓T细胞比值以及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁的IgA、IgM、IgG含量的动态变化规律和CIAV感染对ND疫苗的免疫保护率等进行了全面系统地研究。

It is shown that G gene has the highest speed during the evolution and has uniqueinquilinous body in order to escape immune pressure from inquilinous body byanalyzing phylogenic trees of five genes in the whole genome. In the evolution of Ggene, DRV and MRV are in different groups. DRV, Chinese vaccine isolated used inhuman and Japanese vaccine isolated used in human are in the same group. MRV,CVS and street viruses isolated from dogs are in the some group. It is shown thatDRV is vaccine isolated compared with phylogenic trees of other genes, and it istestified previous conclusion that unqualified vaccine used for human was used nearthe infected beer cote resulted in spotted deer infected.

对狂犬病毒基因组5个基因的分子进化树分析表明，为了逃避宿主的免疫压力，G基因的进化最快速，而且具有宿主的特异性，在G基因的进化中，DRV和MRV分别位于不同的组群，DRV与中国人用疫苗株和日本疫苗株在一个组群，MRV与CVS以及犬脑分离的街毒归在一个组群，结合其他基因的进化树表明，DRV与疫苗株具有较近的亲缘关系，从分子水平验证了以前对DRV流行病学调查得出的推测，在狂犬病疫情发生的鹿场附近曾使用过人用狂犬病疫苗，导致梅花鹿感染狂犬病毒。

On September 6, 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed the combination tetravalent MMRV vaccine for use in children aged 12 months to 12 years. To prevent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella, MMRV vaccine can be used instead of trivalent MMR vaccine and monovalent varicella vaccine. To fulfill the recommended 2-dose vaccine policies, the first dose is recommended at age 12 to 15 months and the second at age 4 to 6 years.

2005年9月6日，美国食品药物管理局核准四合一的MMRV混合疫苗用於12个月至12岁的小孩；为了预防麻疹、腮腺炎、德国麻疹、水痘，MMRV疫苗用於取代三合一的MMR治疗加上水痘疫苗；为了符合建议施打两次的疫苗政策，第一剂建议在12至15个月大，第二剂在4至6岁。

On September 6, 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed the combination tetravalent MMRV vaccine for use in children aged 12 months to 12 years. To prevent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella, MMRV vaccine can be used instead of trivalent MMR vaccine and monovalent varicella vaccine. To fulfill the recommended 2-dose vaccine policies, the first dose is recommended at age 12 to 15 months and the second at age 4 to 6 years.

2005年9月6日，美国食品药物管理局核准四合一的MMRV混合疫苗用于12个月至12岁的小孩；为了预防麻疹、腮腺炎、德国麻疹、水痘，MMRV疫苗用于取代三合一的MMR治疗加上水痘疫苗；为了符合建议施打两次的疫苗政策，第一剂建议在12至15个月大，第二剂在4至6岁。

CITIC Securities report further pointed out that the companies within the next three years of seasonal influenza vaccine will be 2.5 billion in sales revenue, tetravalent meningitis vaccine revenues will reach 2 billion yuan, hepatitis B vaccine revenue at 1.2 billion yuan, will become the company's vaccines business The main driver of growth is forecast to the company in 2009 -2011 years of EPS were 0.87 yuan, 1.06 yuan and 1.41 yuan, to maintain the company "overweight" rating, target price of 44.55 yuan.

中信证券报告进一步指出，未来三年内公司季节性流感疫苗将达到2.5亿元的销售收入，四价流脑疫苗收入将达到2亿元，乙肝疫苗收入将达到1.2亿元，疫苗业务将成为公司高速增长的主要驱动力，预测公司2009年-2011年的EPS分别为0.87元、1.06元和1.41元，维持公司&增持&的评级，目标价为44.55元。

The immune defect in uremic patients include humoral and cellular. Especially the cellular defect will influence vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the same on other T-cell dependent vaccines include pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae.

尿毒症病人的免疫不全包含体液性与细胞性以及其他多种层面，尤其在细胞性缺陷上更是直接影响B型肝炎疫苗的免疫效果，以及其他T细胞依赖性疫苗(T-cell dependent vaccines)，例如：肺炎球菌疫苗、流行性感冒疫苗等。

Provided as a public service by Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense-Public Affairs and the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program Agency, the AVIP web site reports information on anthrax including: the threat from anthrax, anthrax infection, anthrax vaccine and vaccination protection.

这是炭疽杆菌疫苗免疫项目的网站。它是由公共防御事件辅助办公室和美国炭疽杆菌疫苗免疫项目局共同创建并服务于大众，提供有关炭疽杆菌的信息，如：来自炭疽杆菌的威胁、炭疽杆菌感染、炭疽杆菌疫苗以及疫苗保护。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。