疫苗

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3. 1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus , which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3. 1/IFN which includes the gene IFN-α of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to cattles with or without pcDNA3. 1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies titers were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫苗，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接/酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C和pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D、pTARGET/P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN分别/同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以1OOID〓或1000ID〓的O型FMDV China99株；随后将质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C、pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10〓ID〓的O型FMDV China99株。

Last week, the International Coordinating Group for Vaccine Provision for Yellow Fever provided the Ministry with 150 000 doses of yellow fever vaccine to implement a mass immunization campaign in the 7 remaining chiefdoms of Tonkolili district.

上周，国际供应黄热病疫苗协调小组向该国卫生部门提供了15万剂疫苗用于其它7个地区实施大规模接种运动。

"The cocaine vaccine and disulfiram are probably useful as a combination to first help cocaine patients get abstinent with disulfiram and then prevent relapse with the cocaine vaccine," he commented to Medscape Psychiatry . Disulfiram is available and inexpensive and can be used at 250 mg daily for cocaine dependence.

他向Medscape精神学评论表示，古柯碱疫苗与disulfiram合并疗法对古柯碱滥用病患来说可能是有用的，先以disulfiram戒除再以古柯碱疫苗预防再发；Disulfiram是可取得的且价格低廉，每天服用250 mg用於古柯碱依赖性。

After the democratic reform, the Chinese Government has made great efforts to strengthen the prevention against and control of infectious diseases, the contagious diseases and endemics that used to seriously affect people's health have been efficiently controlled and even eradicated, and the disease rates of mortalities of contagious diseases have noticeably decreased.

民主改革后，中国政府大力加强疾病预防控制工作，严重影响人民群众身体健康的传染病、地方病得到有效遏止，传染病发病率和死亡率明显下降。50年代末开始在西藏开展牛痘疫苗、霍乱疫苗的预防接种，有效控制了天花、霍乱等传染病发生。60年代初西藏自治区卫生防疫站建立，开始建立疫情报告制度。

The PEA gene product was detected in the medium with Western blot, which indicated that the PEA gene with original signal peptide could be expressed with secretary form in eucaryotic cells.

表达产物经蛋白免疫印迹法（Western-blot）检测，表明本文构建的含有原基因信号肽的PEA基因能够在真核细胞进行分泌性表达，这为基于PEA的免疫毒素、疫苗佐剂和疫苗载体的研究奠定了基础。

Early diagnosis and treatment for malaria in malaria-endemic areas (within 24 h of onset of fever, using artemisinin-based combination therapy for falciparum malaria).

正确清洁和护理伤口。灾难后的伤口处理，应予以注射破伤风疫苗（适当选择有或没有破伤风免疫球蛋白的疫苗）。

Another way to make a vaccine more effective might be to manipulate the very nature of the tumor, so that it is a more obvious target for the immune system a little like tying a more colorful fly on a fishing hook.

另 一种提升疫苗效果的方法是用疫苗改变肿瘤的性质，让它们能更明显地被免疫系统识别，就像在鱼钩上绑上彩带一样。

To detect recombinant MUC1 with histag by flat-bed isoelectric focusing and provide reference for purification of recombinant MUC1 without histag by ion exchange chromatography.

目的采用薄层等电聚焦方法检测含有组氨酸尾的粘蛋白表位疫苗(简称重组MUC1)，为不含有组氨酸尾的粘蛋白表位疫苗的下一步离子交换层析纯化蛋白提供参考依据。

To detect recombinant MUC1 with histag by flat-bed isoelectric focusing and provide reference for purification of recombinant MUC1 without histag by ion exchange chromatography.

目的 采用薄层等电聚焦方法检测含有组氨酸尾的粘蛋白表位疫苗（简称重组MUC1），为不含有组氨酸尾的粘蛋白表位疫苗的下一步离子交换层析纯化蛋白提供参考依据。

In contrast, 44% of patients who received either vaccine reported that they were asked or informed about these by their family physicians or internists. Just 7% reported having been asked or informed by their oncologists.

另一方面，44%接受疫苗接种的病患表示，他们是应其家庭医师或是内科医师要求或是通知进行接种，表示曾经被肿瘤科医师要求，或是确认是否曾经接受过疫苗接种的只有7%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。