疏干

This essay discusses about the present situation and the problems in unwatering in south mine of Huolinbe Coalfield.

文中论述了霍林河煤田南露天矿目前的疏干状况和存在的问题，并针对存在的问题，提出了用穿孔爆破的方法解决煤层弱含水层的疏干问题。

However, indiscriminate overdevelopment or poor practices can dewater aquifers and cause compaction of sediments, loss of storage space, land subsidence, and degradation of quality.

盲目的过量开采和不适当地应用，能疏干含水层，并导致沉积层的压密，地下水储存空间的减少，地面沉降和水质恶化等。

The thesis introduces summarily the differential form of Darcys Law, and derives the continuity equation of groundwater when it is incompressible and irrotional.

论文针对达西定律的微分形式，推导出对于不可压缩流体且无旋时的地下水连续性方程，确定了地下水自由面的边界条件，并求解出考虑降雨入渗时和地下水疏干时自由面的法向流速v〓。

Moreover, it is worse for deterioration of water quality and raising in hardness and sulfate and other poisonous substance in ground waters.

不幸的是，由于过度开采地下水和采煤疏干，使地下水位持续性下降，娘子关泉群流量由多年的平均12.13m〓/s减少至近期的9.07m〓/s，更为严重的是，水质恶化、硬度和硫酸盐超标，以及其它毒性物质增高，生态环境恶化。

The region in the altitude f rom 4400 to 4600 meters , which is mainly covered by alpine meadow and alpine swamp meadow , is st rongly degraded by the stock raising with it s influence radius of about 24 kilometers. The influence distance perpendicular to roads is also 24 kilometers , since road const ruction accelerates human2induced destruction to vegetation. Vegetation in shade aspect is rising due to the increase in precipitation , while vegetation in sunny aspect tends to be stable or degraded because of the enhancement in sunlight . Furthermore , the vegetation coverage is influenced by the groundwater level . In near riverbed fields , where the depth of groundwater is shallow , plant s can easily grow ; while in far riverbed fields , vegetation is prone to degrade due to drainage. The radius of river influence is 24 kilometers.

海拔4400～4600m的较低海拔地带退化最强烈，主要为高寒草甸与高寒沼泽草甸受牧业影响较大；牧业影响半径为24km；道路的影响范围为24km，道路的修建加速了人类对高原植被的破坏作用；阳坡植被呈现趋于稳定和退化的趋势，阴坡植被表现为增长的趋势，降水量增加是源区植被，尤其是阴坡植被变好的重要原因，而太阳光照增强是导致阳坡干旱和植被趋于退化的潜在原因；近河床区地下水位埋深较浅，植被生长具有稳定的地下水源；在远离河床的一定区域内，地下水易于疏干，植被易于退化，河流影响范围为24km。

And it puts out the way to solve the present problem in unwatering by punching and blasting , and pumping water by intercepting ditch and dipping plash and infiltration well to solve the problems in pumping in the mining pit during rainy season in the strip mine.

文中论述了霍林河煤田南露天矿目前的疏干状况和存在的问题，并针对存在的问题，提出了用穿孔爆破的方法解决煤层弱含水层的疏干问题。

The research work done is presented as follows:Compound dewatering technique of vacuum tube well is an effective technology for solving the dewatering problems of aquitard and interface relict water according to physical simulation test and field test. The variation laws, such as degree of vacuum, pore water pressure in different strata, have been studied. The results show that there is a certain scope of influence of vacuum in strata, and the vacuum degree in the horizontal direction decreases gradually with the increase of the distance from the main well; the change law of degree of vacuum in the vertical direction increases firstly and then decreases with the depth of soil strata, and changes with different soil nature and depth; changes of pore water pressure in soil strata has also shown a similar law of degree of vacuum.

主要研究工作如下：通过室内物理模拟试验和现场试验均证明了真空管井复合降水技术用于解决弱透水层和界面残留水疏干难题的有效性；并且对不同地层中真空度、孔隙水压力等变化规律进行了研究，发现地层中真空度均有一定的影响范围，且真空度在水平方向上随距主井距离的增加而逐渐降低；在垂直方向上真空度随深度总的规律是先增加后降低，并随土层性质及深度的不同而变化；土层内孔隙水压力也呈现出与真空度类似的变化规律。

The natural causes were landform, parent materials and weather. The man-made causes were over grazing and estrepement. The natural factors were the basic causes of sandification in Hongyuan.

自然成因包括地形地貌和水文母质因素、气候因素；人为成因包括过渡放牧，滥垦乱抢和疏干沼泽等因素。

The layer of solid KCl is so thin in depth、so small in size、 and so low in grade that it is too difficult to exploite it. Besides that, only 1/3 of the liquid KCl can be expoi ted due to the mining method of well and canal drainage which is being used now. Therefore, it is one of the key problems to exploite the liquid KCl as possible as we can and to turn the solid KCl into explo itable liquid deposit in Qarhan salt lake. So the idea of dissolving and driving exploitation has been suggested. This paper will deal with three problems as follow

然而由于固相矿层薄、品位低而难以直接开采利用，加之目前对液相矿产只是纯疏干性开采，充其量只能采出1/3的液相矿，因此如何最大限度地开采液相矿产，同时将固相矿产转化成能直接开采利用的液相矿产是察尔汗盐湖开采中急需解决的关键问题之一，对此人们提出溶矿驱动开采的设想，本文正是以此为目的，着重研究以下三个问题

Depending on different conditions of hydrological geology, Jingling Iron Mine has adopted different methods of controlling underground water such as unwatering , integrated controlling, etc.

多年来 ，山东金岭铁矿根据不同的水文地质条件分别采取疏干治水、综合治水等方法治理矿山地下水，实现了安全生产及保护地下水资源的良好治水效

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。