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Heart malformation, such as PTA, DORV, VSD and aortic arch malformation, were detected when neural crest were taken out before they migrated into 3, 4, 6 pharyngeal gland. Interestingly, the types of malformation were related with the length of neural crest destroyed; PTA was detected if the length exceeds two somites, while DORV would be detected if the length less than two somites. These results indicate that CNCCs are very important to the conotruncal development.

研究发现，如果在迁移之前切除散发到第3、4、6咽弓的神经嵴细胞，就会出现永存动脉干、主动脉骑跨、右室双出口、主动脉弓畸型和室间隔缺损等心血管畸形，且切除的长度与畸形的种类相关，如切除长度大于两个体节可产生永存动脉干，切除长度小于两个体节则产生右室双流出道，由此可见，心脏神经嵴细胞对于心脏圆锥部的发育意义重大。

Through a complete orthodontic treatment plan, the upper first premolars in both the right and the left sides had to be extracted for all of the patients.

通过一个完整的正畸治疗计划，上第一前磨牙中的权利和左右两侧已被提取的所有患者。

Through a complete orthodontic treatment plan, the upper first premolars in both the right and the left sides had to be extracted for all of the patients.

通过一个完整的正畸治疗计划，在上第一前磨牙的权利和左右两侧都必须提取所有的病人。

Materials and Methods: the HPDLFs were isolated and cultured in vitro from healthy premolars of orthodontic patients, which were 10~14 years old.

材料和方法：取材自临床上10～14岁青少年需要拔除的健康的正畸牙，在体外分离、培养并纯化人牙周膜成纤维细胞，建立人牙周膜成纤维细胞有限细胞系。

Methods 40 patients preparing to take orthodontic treatment were selected , standardized lateral cephalograms and facial photograms were taken for each patients.6 angles were studied in both cephalograms and photograms.

选择正畸门诊病例40名，应用Photoshop软件对其侧面像进行定点测量，将所得数值与通过常规头影测量所得数值进行对比研究。

Materials and methods: Vitro model of discolored teeth: Sample of fresh erythrocytes was placed in the pulp cavity of 20 extracted teeth and centrifuged twice daily for 25 minutes over a period of 3 consecutive days.

材料与方法：在20颗因正畸拔除的健康离体牙髓腔内封入新鲜红细胞，以2500rpm／min离心25分钟，每天两次，连续离心3天制备变色牙模型。

It is necessary to test hepstitis B marker in patient before orthodontic treatment.

正畸治疗前应进行乙肝标志物的检测。

The normal strain on the surface of the periodontal ligament is assumed as the mechanical stimulus proportional to the absorption rate of alveolar bone in each week.

选用一个正畸患者的下颌尖牙，建立包括牙齿、牙周膜、牙髓、牙槽骨的三维实体模型，通过有限元计算得到初始应变分布。

Methods: 16 adults with front teeth sporadic gaps resulted from individual tooth early ablation or malocclusion were given orthodontic treatment using straight arch wire before restoration.

对16例成年人个别牙缺失致前牙散在间隙或伴有反牙合患者，采用直丝弓矫治技术进行修复前正畸治疗。

It was reported that the incidence of white spot is about 50-70%.

据报道，正畸病人釉白斑的发生率约为50-70%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。