畦灌

The detailed means is proposed to apply the Water Saving Irrigation in the dry west area, based on the feasibility study of representative hungriness section. It is also a theoretical reference for all the droughty or semiarid area of north-west.

本研究在试验区内进行了滴灌、喷灌和防渗渠畦灌棉花试验，滴灌分为三种不同的节水灌溉方式处理，喷灌采用覆膜与不覆膜两种处理，防渗渠畦灌试验为对照实验。

It indicates that emphasis should be put on the following subjects in the future: the determination of field infiltration coefficient and roughness coefficient;the optimal combination of field standard and irrigation technical index ,and the rational ground levelness degree and mode.

对近10多年来地面灌溉水流运动数值模拟方面的国内外研究进展进行了归类整理，并就目前研究中存在的不足和未来急待深入研究的问题进行了探讨，认为在今后的研究中应把地面灌溉入渗参数和糙率的确定问题，不同地区和作物条件下合理的田块尺寸与灌水要素的优化组合研究及经济合理的田间土地平整度及平地模式的研究，长畦分段灌、阶式水平畦灌、覆膜灌溉条件下的水流运动和合理灌水技术指标的研究，浑水灌溉和土壤气阻对地面灌溉水流运动的影响机理研究等作为重点内容。

Thereinto, drip irrigation is divided into three treatments of different ration. Tectorial and untectorial treatment are adopted to semifixation spray irrigation. At the same time, seepage-preventing trial is done. By study of one growth season, it shows that the indexes, Comparing with flood irrigation, water-saving technique has the effect of increasing production and harvest, economizing water, energy sources and field, saving work, time and power. It has best significance difference among unit yield of using different irrigation ways. The highest yield is in irrigation treatment of 80% field moisture capacity, it is secondary in seepage-preventing ditch irrigation treatment and is the lowest in spray irrigation treatment. Drip irrigation increase yield 4.0%~25.9%,Seepage-preventing ditch irrigation increase yield 17.5%, and spray irrigation decrease yield 22.4～37.8% comparing with flood irrigation. The effect to yield is obvious in drip irrigation treatment of different irrigation ration.

不同灌溉方式间单位产量存在显著差异，80％田间持水量灌溉处理产量最高，防渗渠畦灌次之，喷灌的产量最低；与土渠漫灌单位产量相比，滴灌增产4.0％～25.9％；防渗渠畦灌增产17.5％；喷灌产量下降22.4％～37.8％；滴灌试验中不同灌溉处理对产量的影响显著，随着灌溉定额的减少，产量随之下降，主要原因是60％田间持水量的灌溉处理限制了棉株的生长发育，降低了产量；不同灌溉方式的灌溉定额与绿洲内土渠漫灌平均灌溉定额相比，滴灌节水47.7％～54.4％，防渗渠畦灌节水38.56％，喷灌节水58.2％；滴灌、喷灌及防渗渠畦灌与土渠漫灌相比分别省工16.2％、25.1％和3.6％；滴灌和喷灌较防渗渠畦和土渠漫灌节地约5％～7％；从净收益来看，防渗渠畦灌较土渠漫灌经济效益提高了34.2％，滴灌提高了9.8％～48.2％，喷灌则下降了23.8％和44.7％；而且采用不同灌溉方式种植棉花，对于成铃率、衣指、衣分、纤维长度、产量等指标，滴灌要优于喷灌和防渗渠畦灌；而成铃数、种子数、铃重、籽指等指标，滴灌、喷灌均小于防渗渠畦灌。

Flood Irrigation The three main type of flood irrigation are basin irrigation, border irrigation, and wild flooding.

淹灌 淹灌的3种主要类型是：格田淹灌、畦灌、漫灌。

The surface irrigation occupies 95% of the total irrigated area, the border irrigation is the main method in surface irrigation, so there is much importance in researching on the border irrigation water-saving means.

地面灌溉占我国灌溉总面积的95％，其中畦灌又是地面灌溉的主要方式，研究畦灌中的节水措施对于发展农业节水具有重要意义。

The one-dimensional complete hydrodynamic model for border irrigation based on the hybrid numerical method can obviously increase computational stability and convergence, and effectively improve computational precision and efficiency, and provide a good numerical simulation tool for the design of border irrigation system and performance evaluation.

基于混合数值解法的一维畦灌全水动力学数值模拟方法可明显增强数值计算的稳定性和收敛性，有效提高了计算精度和效率，为开展畦灌系统设计与性能评价提供了可靠的数值模拟手段。

The relationships between surface-water depth and distance from water inlet are fitted by a nonlinear least-square method,and then,based on the principle of water balance a linear regression method is proposed for estimating the soil infiltration parameters of border irrigation.

将畦灌地表水深与离畦首的距离之间的关系按指数函数进行非线性最小二乘拟合，并根据水量平衡原理提出了估算土壤入渗参数的线性回归法，避开了难以定值的地表储水形状系数。

By comprehensive evaluation of different irrigation methods such as irrigation, irrigation pipe gate, horizontal border, in the current economic and technological conditions, the level of border irrigation is the most appropriate way of surface irrigation in the TarimBasin.

通过对波涌灌、闸管灌、水平畦灌等不同灌溉方式综合评价，在目前的经济、技术条件下水平畦灌是最适合塔里木盆地的地面灌溉方式。

Based on water balance model, the change of figure coefficients of infiltration water and surface water storage under border irrigation was analyzed. The power index of movement distance and time has little influence on the figure coefficient of infiltration water in the course of surface water movement, which can be substituted by a stable value.

该文依据水量平衡模型，分析畦灌下渗水形状系数、地表储水形状系数的变化规律，结果表明下渗水形状系数受地表水推进过程中的推进距离和时间的幂指数影响很小，可用一个稳定值代替，由此建立了基于水量平衡原理的畦灌水流推进简化解析模型。

It was carried out to optimize combination scheme experiment of three factors among level-border specifications, irrigation quota and fertilizer methods under the condition of level-border + plastic film irrigation for corn in the sand of soil by cross experiment methods.

为了研究玉米水平畦灌与膜上灌复合节水节肥的效果，采用正交试验法，在沙性土壤上，对复合灌水条件下的水平畦田规格、灌水定额和施肥方式3因素的最优组合方案进行了试验研究。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。