略记

Based on the data of aerosol chemical compositions obtained at WMO GAW (World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch) station in eastern China－Lin'An regional background air pollution monitoring station, two methods (referred as Malm method and Stelson method) that were described by Malm (Malm et al.,1994) and Stelson (Stelson and Seinfeld, 1981) were used to study the mass closure of sampled aerosols.

本文通过在WMO GAW 区域大气本底污染监测站－临安大气本底污染监测站采集的气溶胶样品的化学成分的分析结果，分别用Malm（1994）和Stelson（1981）提出的方法（分别记为Malm方法和Stelson方法）重建气溶胶质量浓度，并与称重获得的质量浓度进行对比，发现虽然Stelson和Malm方法所考虑的物质组成及所使用的化学成分个数并不相同，其计算结果略有差异，但总的来说两种方法都能较好的反映绝大部分的气溶胶质量，在实际应用中可以根据所分析的化学成分数据情况和研究的目的采用不同的质量重建方法。

Based on the data of aerosol chemical compositions obtained at WMO GAW (World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch) station in eastern China-Lin' an regional background air pollution monitoring station, two methods (referred as Malm method and Stelson method) that were described by Malm and Stelson were used to study the mass closure of sampled aerosols.

通过在WMO GAW区域大气本底污染监测站－临安大气本底污染监测站采集的气溶胶样品的化学成分的分析结果，分别用Malm(1994)和Stelson(1981)提出的方法（分别记为Malm方法和Stelson方法）重建气溶胶质量浓度，并与称重获得的质量浓度进行对比，发现虽然Stelson方法和Malm方法所考虑的物质组成及所使用的化学成分个数并不相同，其计算结果略有差异，但总的来说2种方法都能较好的反映绝大部分的气溶胶质量，在实际应用中可以根据所分析的化学成分数据情况和研究的目的采用不同的质量重建方法。

Based on the data of aerosol chemical compositions obtained at WMO GAW(World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch) station in eastern China——Lin'an regional background air pollution monitoring station,two methods(referred as Malm method and Stelson method) that were described by Malm and Stelson were used to study the mass closure of sampled aerosols.The inter-comparison of reconstructed aerosol masses with the gravimetric masses showed good agreements,although the tw...

通过在WMO GAW区域大气本底污染监测站——临安大气本底污染监测站采集的气溶胶样品的化学成分的分析结果，分别用Malm(1994)和Stelson(1981)提出的方法(分别记为Malm方法和Stelson方法)重建气溶胶质量浓度，并与称重获得的质量浓度进行对比，发现虽然Stelson方法和Malm方法所考虑的物质组成及所使用的化学成分个数并不相同，其计算结果略有差异，但总的来说2种方法都能较好的反映绝大部分的气溶胶质量，在实际应用中可以根据所分析的化学成分数据情况和研究的目的采用不同的质量重建方法。

It bears structural similarities to the Laurence Sterne's "Tristram Shandy" and "Sent imental Journey," but aside from that bears more in common with ancient Greek novels like Longus's "Daphnis and Chloe" or Heliodorus's "Eithopian Romance," as well as the mysticism of the ancient Egyptian "Story of the Shipwrecked Sailor."

她的结构有点像劳伦斯·斯特恩的《项狄传》和《多情之旅》，在其他方面，石头记似乎又与古希腊作家隆古斯的小说《达芙尼斯与克洛埃》或希略多路的《埃塞阿比亚的爱情》颇有神似，同时还有点古埃及作品《沉船水手的故事》那样的神秘主义味道。

This thesis discusses the composition Eight Pieces for Four Timpani by the American composer Elliott Carter and analyzes its interpretation. Moreover, it deals with the application of timpani skills and the timbre change of musical notation.

中文摘要本文撰写以美国作曲家艾略特E卡特的作品集「八首为四个定音鼓所写的作品」来探讨作品中的乐曲分析与演奏诠释，并以乐谱的记谱法来探讨定音鼓技巧应用与音色变化。

Then, on March 13 " Sichuan daily " front page published the report about this colloquium, reflected the radical point of view that I make a speech, still be in " study " only edition the article that published the view such as I and Zhou Zhenhua to make socialist market economy. On July 4, 2008," daily of the first finance and economics " senior correspondent Tian Yi will interview me, this newspaper was published for this on July 16 " Yuan Wenping recollects the academia " socialist market economy " notional bud -- let law of value change " cotton stands sentry, red Chinese trumpet creeper sleeps " soil " and " the thought start of a race that economic system reforms is nodded " two articles, bring up again this one past, evoke my memory to these 30 years of pasts, deep feeling fine is much, jot when, the souvenir that serves as pair of reforming and opening 30 years.

接着，3月13日《四川日报》头版登载了有关这次讨论会的报道，反映了我发言的基本观点，还在《学习》专版发表了我和周振华等主张搞社会主义市场经济的文章。2008年7月4日，《第一财经日报》高级记者田毅来采访我，该报7月16日为此发表《袁文平回忆学界"社会主义市场经济"概念萌发——让价值规律改变"棉花站岗，红苕睡觉"的土壤》和《经济体制改革的思想起跑点》两篇文章，重提这一往事，唤起我对这三十年往事的回忆，感慨良多，略记几点，作为对改革开放三十年的纪念。

And the _Poetics_ cannot be accounted an exception. For one thing the treatise is fragmentary. It originally consisted of two books, one dealing with Tragedy and Epic, the other with Comedy and other subjects. We possess only the first. For another, even the book we have seems to be unrevised and unfinished. The style, though luminous, vivid, and in its broader division systematic, is not that of a book intended for publication. Like most of Aristotle's extant writing, it suggests the MS. of an experienced lecturer, full of jottings and adscripts, with occasional phrases written carefully out, but never revised as a whole for the general reader.

诗学》也不例外，首先它是不完整的，《诗学》原来包括两个部分，第一部分谈悲剧和史诗，第二部分谈喜剧和其它主题，我们现在看到的只有第一部分；其次，我们拥有的文本似乎未经修订，也未完成，其风格尽管生动鲜明，从整体上看也系统完整，但似乎并非是为了出版而写作的，而是和亚里士多德现存绝大部分著作一样，可能是讲课的手稿，文中满是略记和随后的补充，一些词语被小心地标出，但整篇文章从来没有被修改成适合一般读者的样式。

It bears structural similarities to the Laurence Sterne's "Tristram Shandy" and "Sent imental Journey," but aside from that bears more in common with ancient Greek novels like Longus's "Daphnis and Chloe" or Heliodorus's "Eithopian Romance," as well as the mysticism of the ancient Egyptian "Story of the Shipwrecked Sailor."

斯特恩的《项狄传》和《多情之旅》，在其他方面，石头记似乎又与古希腊作家隆古斯的小说《达芙尼斯与克洛埃》或希略多路的《埃塞阿比亚的爱情》颇有神似，同时还有点古埃及作品《沉船水手的故事》那样的神秘主义味道。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

While the most descriptive accounts of the Gardens come from Greek historians such as Berossus and Diodorus Siculus, Babylonian records stay silent on the matter.

目录 导言宗教的实质第一编原始的梦境：原始宗教第一章宗教的产生第二章图腾崇拜第三章祖先崇拜、灵物崇拜和偶像崇拜第四章从多神崇拜到一神崇拜第五章古埃及宗教第六章古巴比伦宗教第二编苦难者的宗教：犹太教第一章犹太民族的诞生第二章以色列人在埃及第三章出埃及记第四章以色列人定居巴勒斯坦第五章欧洲人统治下的犹太人第六章犹太人的大流散第七章犹太人回归故土的热望第八章犹太教经典第三编天国之道：基督教第一章耶稣传奇第二章基督教的产生第三章基督教的变迁第四章中世纪基督教第五章改革运动第六章近代基督教第七章经典、组织和礼仪第四编信主独一：伊斯兰教第一章伊斯兰教之前的阿拉伯第二章伊斯兰教的产生第三章早期伊斯兰教的传播第四章哈里发时代第五章四大王朝时代第六章近现代的伊斯兰教第七章伊斯兰教派运动第八章经典和礼仪第五编痛苦中的生路：佛教第六编信仰的疆土：宗教在世界各国……购买此商品的顾客也购买了·文学简史·东方哲学简史/简史文丛系列·快读二十四史·千万别卖家具--终端销售攻略·读者文摘精粹版1：幸福像花儿一样查看此商品的顾客也查看了·宗教简史·神圣的存在--比较宗教的范型·神之简史·中国人的心灵图谱：魂魄·世界宗教寻踪

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷