留置权

The first chapter discusses the conception, the sort and the character of the system of admiralty possessory lien.

第1章从民法关于留置权的一般理论出发，概括论述了海事留置权制度的概念、种类、性质等一般理论。

So, in this paper, I study the system of admiralty possessory lien as a whole with the general theories of civil law and the specialties of maritime law.

本文根据我国民法关于留置权的一般理论，结合海事法律制度自身的特点，将我国的海事留置权制度作为一个有机的整体进行了全面的论述，并对目前海事留置权制度中的一些热点问题和有争议的问题进行了较为细致的探讨和研究。

If the bill holder, regardless of the cause implied in the contract or the law, a lien on the bill, the holder shall be deemed to be paid to the price of ticket holders, but there is a lien on the amount of its limited .

3如汇票持票人，不论起因于契约或法律之默示，对汇票有留置权，该持票人即被视为是付对价持票人，但以其有留置权之金额为限。

The recognition of the object s of lien system is important in practice.

留置权是一种重要的担保物权，对留置权标的性质和范围的认识影响到留置权制度在实践中的适用效果。

Article 110 Prior to full payment of the obligation, the lienor may exercise lien on the entire lien article if it is not separable.

第一百一十条留置权人在债权未受全部清偿前，留置物为不可分物的，留置权人可以就其留置物的全部行使留置权。

With regard to the scope of subject matter of lien, it includes not only personal property, but also real property and valuable instruments which possess characteristicics of personal property; contains not noly merchantable things, but also prohibited merchantable things and limited merchantable things, chapter III is about question of deadiline of lien, lien isnt invalid as prescription of quaranteed obligatory right completes ,but lienor possesses the fruits odf subject matter of lien, because of his occupying cubject matter of lien, because of his occapying subject matter of lien.therefore lien is different from mortgage, is without excluded period.

然后，第二章，针对我国留置权适用范围、留置物范围限缩的现实，提出了留置权不仅即适用除原规定的几类合同〔加工、运输、保管、行纪上，也应适用于无因管理等准合同关系中；而在留置物范围上，即应包括动产，也应当包括不动产和具有动产特定的有价证券；即包括流通物，也包括不可流通物与限制流通物。第三章是关于留置权时效、期限的问题。

The buyer of a tax lien has rights to the property that come before that of the mortgage holder so if the mortgage holder doesn't pay the tax lien, they could be wiped out when the holder of the tax lien files to get clear title of the property.

税收的留置权买方已到，摆在按揭持有人来，如果抵押权人不付财产权税务留置权，他们可能被淘汰时，留置权持有人的税收文件进行明确的财产所有权。

In addition, the author also discuss the cesser clause, the exercising conditions of lien under voyage charterparties and the sub-earning clause under time charterparties in this dissertation, and during which the author explored more on the problem that "the relationship between the ownership of transported goods and the exercise of possessory lien", and put forward his own opinion.

在论文中作者还对租约中留置权的一些问题进行研究，如航次租船中的责任终止条款、留置权条款，定期租船中的转租收入等。尤其是对于&货物所有权和留置权行使之间的关系&进行了较为深入的探讨，并提出自己的拙见。

The other chapters respectively discuss each admiralty possessory lien, such as the ship builder or repairer"s possessory lien on ship, the carrier"s possessory lien on cargo, the admiralty possessory lien in charter party, the tugowner"s possessory lien and the salvor"s possessory lien.

其余五章根据海事留置权所依据的不同海事法律关系分别论述了造船人和修船人船舶留置权(第2章)、承运人海上货物留置权(第3章)、租船合同中的留置权(第4章)、承拖方海事留置权(第5章)、救助人海事留置权(第6章)。

Without prejudice to any other rights which he may have, whether in rem or in personam, the Tugowner, by himself or his servants or agents or otherwise shall be entitled to exercise a possessory lien upon the Tow in respect of any sum howsoever or whatsoever due to the Tugowner under this Agreement and shall for the purpose of exercising such possessory lien be entitled to take and/or keep possession of the Tow; provided always that the Hirer shall pay to the Tugowner all reasonable costs and expenses howsoever or whatsoever incurred by or on behalf of the Tugowner in exercising or attempting or preparing to exercise such lien and the Tugowner shall be entitled to receive from the Hirer the Tug's Delay Payment at the rate specified in Box 29 for any reasonable delay to the Tug resulting therefore.

在无损于拖轮船东可有的对物或对人的任何其他权利的情况下，对根据本合同应得的任何款项，拖轮船东本人或其工作人员，代理人或其他人员均有权利对被拖物执行留置权，并为了行使上述留置权，有对被拖物进行占有和/或扣留的权利。同时，凡由于拖轮船东或代表拖轮船东执行，或试图准备执行上述留置权而发生的无论何种原因引起的任何性质的全部合理的开支，租船人都须付给拖轮船东，拖轮船东并有权按第29栏规定的延滞费率对拖轮由此产生的合理延误向租船人收取延滞费。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。