界面

The bounding surface hypoplasticity model for rockfill materials modified by the authors is employed to characterize the material behavior for typical tests under different consolidation stress state, drainage condition and loading pattern.

采用所发展的亚塑性边界面模型，对堆石料在不同固结应力状态、排水条件和加载方式下的典型试验进行了数值模拟分析。

In the bounding surface masonry model, the sliding yield surface is considered as isotropic hardening and rotating hardening bounding surface, and the masonry model is expanded from monotonic loading to complex loading.

把滑移屈服面看作为等向硬化和旋转硬化的边界面，从而合理地把砌块体模型从单调荷载推广到复杂荷载情况。。。

The influential soil constitutive models involving principal stress axes rotation, such as Matsuoka's model, kinematic hardening model, bounding surface model and the complete stress incremen...

对当前较有影响的含主应力轴旋转的土体本构模型（基于一般应力空间的土体本构模型、运动硬化模型、边界面模型、土体弹塑性应力应变关系的完全应力增量表述等等）进行了较为系统的评述。

On the base of analysis concerning Tianjing and Tanggo-Xingang soil properties and observation results of settlements, some rules of settlement of buildings in the area were obtained. Final settlements, settlements at end of construction and the time of final settlement were discussed. Tests used for determining paramcters of four models were introduced. The parameters in Duncan-Chang model are determined from isotropic consolidation test and the parameters in Gong-Xiannan model from Ko consolidation tests while the parameters in the model proposedin chapter 2 from the equal increment stress ratio test and ones in the bounding surface model developed in chapter 3 from the effective stress-path of CIU test.

根据天津市区及塘沽新港地区的地基土质情况以及沉降观测资料，分析了该地区建筑物沉降的一些规律，讨论了最终沉降量，完工时的沉降量以及沉降稳定时所需要的时间，介绍了确定各模型参数所需要的试验：Duncan—Zhang模型参数根据等向固结的三轴试验确定；龚晓南Ko固结模型根据Ko固结三轴试验确定；本文建立的非线性弹性模型根据等向增量应力比试验确定，边界面模型参数可根据固结不排水剪切试验的有效应力路径确定。

Biot's consolidation theory was used to serve as a frame working with the nonlinear elastic model or with elasto-plastic model in the program. Nonlinear elastic model includes Duncan-Zhang model, Gong Xiannan Ko consolidation model and the model proposed in chapter 2. Elasto-plastic model in the program includes Mohr-Coulomb model, Drucker-Prager model and the bounding surface model developed in chapter 3. The program can be used in cases of plane problem and axisymmtric problem.

FOR，针对软土地基的变形特点，该程序以Biot固结理论为框架，可以进行线弹性，非线性弹性和弹塑性的有限元计算，在非线性弹性模型中包括了Duncan—Chang模型、龚晓南Ko固结模型和本文建立的非线性模型，弹塑性模型中包拓了Mohr—Coulomb模型，Drucker—Prager模型以及本文中建立的边界面模型，该程序可以考虑平面问题也可以考虑轴对称问题。

Transaction cost can be seen as a bran-new tool to analyze the causing, formation, evolution of the problem of interface.

交易费用是指那些在一人世界中不可能产生的合作的成本，因此其可以用来分析界面问题。

The braze and interfacial microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy.

在钎焊和界面微观结构的特点是光学显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和能谱。

The status quo and progress in reaction wetting, reactive brazer, interfacial reaction, joint strength and partial transient liquid-phase bonding were reviewed in this paper.

本文综述了近年来在反应浸润、活性钎料、界面反应、连接强度和部分瞬间液相连接方面的研究现状和进展，指出了有待进一步研究的问题。

The easy to understand interface makes it a breeze to work with.

容易理解的界面是一件轻而易举的工作。

Main contributions and results of this research include: The production of nano-copper brei from adequate selection of some accessory ingredients based on the technology of super-fine powder preparation and the fundamental of surface chemistry. Best composition of materials for making nano-copper brei was subsequently determined by a series of orthogonal experimental approaches.

本文的主要创新和研究成果体现在以下方面： 1、基于超碎粉体制备技术和界面化学基本原理，通过选择合适的助剂和物料研制出了纳米铜，并通过正交试验得出研磨时最佳的物料配比。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。