界面

Of colloid and surface phenomena, surface active matters, emulsion, high-molecule solution, new development of colloid chemistry, appliance of colloid and surface chemistry on food.

胶体与界面化学主要研究各种不同的界面性质、胶体化学的基本原理、胶体与界面现象的关系、表面活性物质和乳状液，在此基础上介绍食品中常见的胶体体系，食品胶体科学的新发展。

But for the strong activity of Nano-TiO2, the conglobation will happen easily, and it will greatly reduce the application effect in coating. And for the hydrophilicity , its hard to break up uniform in resins, so air gaps appear in the interface, then the high polymer in the interface willhappen degradation reaction or embrittlement reaction, and coatingsperformance will fall down.

但是由于纳米粒子表面极强的活性，使它们很容易团聚在一起从而形成带有若干弱连接界面的尺寸较大的团聚体，这大大降低甚至消除了纳米颗粒的实际应用效果，同时由于纳米粒子表面亲水疏油，在有机高分子树脂中难于均匀分散，界面上会出现空隙，当空气中的水分进入空隙中就会触发界面处高聚物的降解、脆化，导致涂层失效。

By applying Frenchet derivative analysis, the iteration formula is derived to solve the constrained functional minimization problem, essentially the formula is a level set equation, in which the motion velocity of the level set is the shape sensitivity of material interfaces.

这样就把材料界面表示为一组高维函数的水平集，使拓扑优化问题转化为材料界面追踪问题，这时材料界面的形状敏度就(来源：9aABb5C论文网www.abclunwen.com)是水平集的运动速度。

Corbicula fluminea however affected the exchange of nutrient nitrogen across the sediment-water interface by the physiologic mechanism such as the excretion. Crabs such as Ilyoplax deschampsin changed the physical structure of the tidal flat sediments by the strong bioturbation, and increased the content of dissolved oxygen in the sediment by enhancing the touched area of sediment and air.

谭氏泥蟹主要通过生物扰动，增加沉积物-水-气三相界面之间的接触面积，促进沉积物界面附近营养盐物质交换过程；而软体动物河蚬则主要通过生理活动，影响潮滩沉积物中氮营养盐的界面扩散过程。

Further reflective type measurement can be implemented by THz-TDS. Interface information is obtained from the measured THz waveform reflected from stacked burned and normal porcine skins for simulating partial burned skin. Reflective wave from surface, interface between burned and unburned, back surface of unburned porcine had been correctively and clearly observed. Waveform and time of flight matched well with the original reflected waveform of normal and burned porcine skin.

我们进一步应用兆赫光谱技术来作样品反射式讯号的量测，可以观察到用来模拟部分烧伤的皮肤的由一层烧烫伤以及一层正常的猪皮样品堆叠成的结构中的界面，经由这个模拟结构表面以及内部界面和背面反射的讯号波形都可以正确清楚地判别，所得到反射的波形以及表面和界面间的飞行时间和个别量测正常及烧烫伤样品的结果吻合。

And some important phenomena which is very different from the stiff interface such as the interface debonding and sliding, crack defluxion, fiber bringing and pulling out have been successfully reproduced and revealed in the case of soft interface, accompanied result of acoustic emission is also presented.

可观察到考虑柔性界面时的界面脱粘、裂纹偏折、纤维桥联和拔出等现象，而刚性界面复合材料的破坏路径表现出完全不同的特性，同时得到相应的声发射模拟结果。

The circumstances under oil wells have been much more complex than ever . Requests on resistance of erosion destructibility of sealing interfaces that related to sealing up and cementing exercises in petroleum engineering are more and more of rigidi ty .

目前国内许多油田已进入开发后期，开采强度不断增大，井下情况更加复杂，对于石油工程中的固井和挤堵作业涉及的封固界面的抗冲蚀破坏性能要求越来越高，迫切需要解决影响界面胶结质量的各种问题，特别是流体渗流条件下的界面胶结强度的建立和保持问题。

It shows that alkoxylated surfactant and attapulgite clay may interact strongly to lead to its properties in dilatability, suspension and viscosity change being better than contrastive systems of polymer and anion surfactant, and its ternary system is also superior to binary one.

分析其原因发现，种衣剂中大量颗粒存在一定的界面和界面能，属于热力学不稳定体系，自发趋势倾向于界面能的减少，这就使颗粒之间产生聚集、絮凝，最终影响了种衣剂的物理稳定性。

Based on these, the method for analysing the thermal-mechanical problems during the film depositon is proposed, and some mechanical problems are studied which include the asympototic analysis of the stress and deformation in a nonhomogeneous material layer on a substrate and the weight function method for interface crack problems as well as the mechanics of an interface toughening induced by the dilatant transformation.

本文对这些方面的研究及其成果进行了较全面的评述，并在考察了一个薄膜-基底系统（等离子喷涂ZrO〓陶瓷涂层的工艺研究）的生产研究的全过程的基础上，对薄膜沉积过程中的热-力学分析方法和包括表面异质层中应力变形的渐近分析方法、界面裂纹问题中的权函数方法、相变引起的界面增韧的力学分析方法等在内的一些薄膜-界面-基底系统的力学问题进行了研究。

Double refraction and/or double internal reflection in a crystal along multiple successive interfaces can be seen as a cascade of that along two successive interfaces, and thus may also be calculated.

在此基础上，分析了前一界面输出量和后一界面输入量之间的联系，可以计算两个界面上的连续双折射双反射。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。