界面

With aid of techniques of analytical continuation and conformal mapping, exact solutions are obtained for three typical problems concerning Eshelby's inclusion. The three problems are1 interaction between an arbitrarily shaped Eshelby inclusion and a circular inhomogeneity in transversely isotropic piezoelectric medium; 2 interaction between an arbitraily shaped Eshelby inclusion and an interface in anisotropic piezoelectric medium, the interface in our investigation may be a perfect interface, or a frictionless slipping interface , or a compliant electrode layer is embedded along the full interface of the bimaterials; 3 interaction between an arbitraily shaped Eshelby inclusion and an elliptical hole in anisotropic piezoelectric medium.

通过采用解析延拓和共形映射技术，获得了压电复合材料中有关Eshelby夹杂三个典型问题的精确弹性解答，即横观各向同性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与圆柱异相夹杂间相互作用；一般各向异性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与双压电材料所形成界面的相互作用，我们所考虑的界面包括理想界面、滑动界面以及柔性金属电极层增强界面；一般各向异性压电介质中任意形状的Eshelby夹杂与椭圆孔洞的相互作用。

This paper explains meaning and influencing factors of interface effectiveness and structures estimated index system and model of interface effectiveness, which contributes to change the mechanism of corporations' interface management, to abandon static isolated view of interface manage, to treat more the question of interface management from the course of technological innovation; not only to pay close attention to the whole goals and innovative goal of corporations, but else to pay close attention to interface harmony and balance, thus to create a kind of positive good innovative atmosphere; not only to pay attention to the interface of an innovative project, but to pay attention to the continuity and crossing between innovative projects.

本文阐述了企业创新界面有效性的涵义及影响因素并构建了测度界面有效性的指标体系和模型，有助于改变企业界面管理的机制，摒弃静态、孤立的界面管理观点，更多地从技术创新的过程去看待管理界面的问题；不仅仅关注企业的整体目标和创新目标，更要关注界面的和谐与平衡，从而创造一种积极的、良好的创新气氛；不但重视一个创新项目的界面，更要重视创新项目之间的连续性和交叉性。

Under the guide of the model of HHII, those components and presentation are used to develop a new interface of CoEditor. This test expounds and proves the model of HHII reasonable and the scheme of the tool practicable at the beginning. This paper also makes an application cooperative system, ACAutoCAD98, as an example, in order to analyze how the tool can be utilized to develop HHII. 4. It puts forward a concept of dynamic multi-cursor and its realization, combined with the research on CoEditor.

因实现整个工具的工作量很大，本文仅开发了群体组成构件、协同过程构件和它们的界面资源，并在模型的指导下，将它们应用于协同编辑系统界面的开发，通过有／无模型指导的界面开发试验，初步论证模型的合理性和工具设计方案的可行性；本文还以应用协同工具ACAutoCAD98为例，分析了利用界面开发工具开发其人-人交互界面的过程。

It is found that,there are two types of interfacial cracking patterns of the ceramic coat: in the cooling process, mode Ⅰ is vulnerable to crack at the peak position of the cosine curve, and mode Ⅱ at the middle position; in the heating process, interface edges are introduced into the ceramic coat/substrate system as a result of the vertical cracks emergence, and the ceramic coat will transversely crack at these positions because of the stress concentration effect.

计算时对陶瓷层材料分别按理想线弹性本构和黏塑性本构模型开展了模拟。分析发现，陶瓷层的界面开裂存在两种模式：在降温过程中，陶瓷层容易出现界面波峰处的Ⅰ型开裂与腰部位置处的Ⅱ型开裂；在升温过程中，陶瓷层容易发生垂直开裂使结构中出现陶瓷层/基体的界面端，界面端部严重的应力集中效应使陶瓷层容易在该处横向开裂形成界面处的边裂纹。

Secondly, the interphase layer is homogenized as a micropolar material model, and the analytical expressions for the local stress and couple stress and their corresponding average are derived for a coated fiber embedded in an infinite matrix under remote classical loading. This exact relation is compared with that determined through an approximate average equivalent inclusion method , and results show that the AEIM has good accuracy to be applied to evaluate the effective property.

就有效性质而言，对于所考察的硬界面复合材料来说均匀界面层的估计要高于非均匀界面层，但两者相差不大；对局部应力分布的预测，均匀界面层与非均匀界面层有较大差别，这说明对于与局部应力密切相关的损伤现象的预测，考虑非均匀界面层是十分必要的。

As a result, a two-adsoption films model is proposed to describe dynamic interface; a set of multivariated interfacial kinetic equations are estimated to calculate the activities and the reaction orders in interfacial phase; a surface expulsive effect that means an interfacial competition is discovered, and a mutual induction effect of interfacial activities is revealed in the complex synergic extraction system.

文中提出了描述动态界面的双膜吸附模型，建立了计算界面相活度和界面相反应级数的多元界面动力学方程组，揭示了反映界面竞争作用的表面排斥效应，发现了协萃体系中的界面相活度相互诱导效应。

According to the different orientations of domain walls with respect to the (100) observation plane of a foil, 90°domain boundaries may be divided into two kinds. one is thin lens or ring shaped a-a 90°domain boundary, and the domain wall lies on the {110} plane; Usually, most of these domain boundaries are uncharged; according to the extinction rules for the (011) domain walls, the displacement vector 〓 along 〓 can be dertermined, which is parallel to the line of intersection between the domain wall and the plane consisting of spontaneous polarization vectors on both sides of domain boundary; from selected area electon diffraction of crystals including domain boundary, we not only examine slight difference in the crystal parts on both sides of the domain boundary, but also obtain crystallographic relationship between them, that is, there exists a 180°rotation symmetry operator along a normal of domain wall. The other is Z or ring shaped a-c 90°domain boundary along {010} direction, and the displacement vector 〓 runs along 〓 direction.

根据界面相对于样品中(100)观测面取向的不同，90°畴可分为两类：一类为薄透镜片状或环状的a-a90°畴，其界面平行于{110}，多数不带电，由消光规律可确定其位移矢量平行于畴界面与自发极化所在平面的交迹，即，〓方向，而从包含畴界的选区电子衍射图可知，这种不带电的90°畴界两侧存在微小的取向差，其界面两侧的结晶学关系为以界面法线为二次轴的旋转关系；另一类为Z状或环状的a-c90°畴，其界面平行于[010]或[001]，相应的位移矢量为〓方向。

Theradial range of the root-soil ecoboundary was 60μm inside and 40μm outsideof root surface with variation space of 100μm 40μm inside and 20μm outsidewith variation space of 60μm,30μm inside and 90μm outside with variationspace of 120μm and 20μm inside and 10μm outside with variation space of30μm using N、P、K and Mg concentration as a characterization parameterrespectively.

运用电子探针技术对红松幼苗根土生态界面进行定量的点分析，并依据界面中营养元素的浓度梯度对根土生态界面进行刻画，结果表明，以N来刻画，其根土生态界面的范围是从根60μm到土40μm(以根表为分界线，分别向根组织方向和土壤方向测点)，变动空间是100μm；以P刻画的根土生态界面的范围是从根40μm到土20μm，变动空间是60μm；以K刻画的根土生态界面的范围是从根30μm到土90μm，变动空间是120μm；以Mg来刻画，其根土生态界面的范围是从根20μm到土10μm，变动空间为30μm。

The interfacial viscosity of HPAM-CTAB system at hexadecane-water interface was much higher than that of HPAM solution alone at hexadecane-water interface, indicating that there exists significant interaction between CTAB and HPAM; perhaps they could form complex which was adsorbed at the hexadecane/water interface, so the interfacial viscosity was increased.

HPAM和CTAB复配体系与正十六烷所成界面的界面粘度要比单一HPAM溶液与正十六烷所成界面的界面粘度要大一个数量级，这表明复配体系中CTAB和HPAM之间存在着明显的相互作用，这可能是因为两者之间形成复合物在油/水界面富集而使界面粘度升高。

Base on the analysis, the interface between a nonlinear lefthanded material and a righthanded material can support both forward TE surface waves and backward TE surface waves under certain conditions.

针对电磁波在非线性左手系材料中的传播性质，分别研究了左、右手系材料界面以及两左手系材料界面上非线性TE表面波的传播行为讨论了导波的频率特性、色散关系以及群速度随频率的变化规律分析表明，两种界面上的非线性TE表面波均存在频率通带和禁带，且带宽是传播功率的函数揭示了在一定条件下，左、右手系材料界面上既可以支持正向传播的非线性TE表面波，也可以支持反向传播的非线性TE表面波；两左手系材料界面上表面波的传播性质因材料参量的变化差异较大，一定参量条件下，该界面上仅支持反向传播的非线性TE表面波。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。