界层

Taking the plate tectonics as leading theories, combining outcrop, seismic techniques, drilling and logging datum, inter-verifing manifold researching methods, The paper has amply researched the region. discussed the coupling relation of basin-mountain and the geodynamics system; analyzed geologic tectonic characteristics of the basin; confirmed superposed alteration in Mesozoic of the basin; recompartmentalized tectonic units of the researching region and the basin; studied the tectonic evolution of the basin since Mesozoic; ascertained four large tectonic layers and five tectonic evolution process stages in different ways of formation and tectonic alteration; established different tectonic stages、compages、models and sedimentary filled processes, based on the organic geochemistry and oil-gas geologic characteristics in middle Cenozoic of the basin, the conclusions have been summarized in the paper, such as:The primary source rock in lower Permian and subordinate source rock in upper Triassic are developed in the region with better quality, and secondary hydrocarbon is possible; The bearing system which is comparted by three large tectonic layers and two unconformity surfaces formed in Palaeozoic、upper Palaeozoic to Triassic and Cenozoic developing in the region, compounded with reservoirs of different lithology is developed in the region, while the property of tectonic fracture reservoir is better; Based on the analyzing petroleum accumulation elements and preserving conditions, the deep depressing belt in the north of Luoyang depression、Shiling-Yiyang folded fault belt in Yiyang depression and wide anticline belt in Yichuan depression are advantageous petroliferous region, Zhaizhen anticline in Luoyang depression and Shimen wide anticline on footwall of overthrust in Yichuan depression are optimum tectonic traps.

本文以板块构造理论为指导思想，采用露头区野外地质与盆地地震、钻井、测井资料密切结合，多种测试方法互检的研究方法，探讨了盆山耦合关系及其所控制的地球动力学系统；分析了研究区域和盆地地质结构构造特征，确定了中生代盆地的叠合改造性质，并重新划分区域构造单元和盆地构造单元，深入研究了洛阳—伊川盆地自中生代以来的构造演化；确定了成盆作用和构造改造作用的四大构造层和五期不同方式、方向的构造演化过程；建立了不同构造阶段的构造组合和样式及与构造相关的沉积充填过程；在此基础上通过多种有机地球化学指标，研究盆地中新生代油气地质特征，认为本区发育下二叠统区域主力烃源岩、上三叠统区域非主力烃源岩，两套烃源岩质量均较好，并具备二次生烃条件；认为本区发育古生界、上古生界—三叠系和新生界三大构造层、两个不整合界面分隔、不同岩性储集层叠置组合和构造裂隙型储集层的复式储集体系，其中构造裂隙型储集层储集性能较好；依据油气成藏条件和保存条件分析，认为洛阳凹陷北部深凹带、宜阳凹陷内石陵—宜阳褶断带以及伊川凹陷伊川宽阔背斜带为较有利含油气区，有利的构造圈闭是洛阳凹陷翟镇背斜和伊川凹陷的石门逆冲断层下盘的宽缓背斜

In the study area, the thinning-out line of albic horizon is coincident with the 55.74m contour line, and the maximum horizon error was less than 1m and the maximum vertical error less than 0.04m.

基于湿地边界标准的湿地的定义应为：湿地是陆地和水体之间的过渡带，是由于地表淹水／土壤水饱和而形成的一种隐域性自然综合体，其上界位于陆地土壤诊断层的尖灭点处，其下界是有根植物下界。

Low temperature ordering of FePt thin films has been achieved by using a thin equiatomic AuCu underlayer.

提出并利用相干生长的多层膜中有序－无序转变过程的彼此关联作用，借助AuCu缓冲层的低温有序化，降低FePt薄膜的有序转变温度200℃以上，为FePt薄膜的低温有序化开劈了一条新途径；制备多层膜，退火形成有序相FePt纳米颗粒分散在Ag基体的复合结构，比FePt/Ag共溅射或合金多层膜方法的退火温度明显降低；通过缓冲层Ta控制FePt的粗糙度和晶界密度，同时界面附近Ta、Pt发生化学反应，两者共同促进薄膜内Pt原子的有效迁移，从而加速FePt有序化；进一步，在Ta和FePt之间插入Bi薄层，强化Ta、Pt的扩散，在更低温度下形成高矫顽力的有序化FePt薄膜且FePt晶粒之间交换作用大大减弱；发现MgO薄膜作底层，可控制与MgO晶粒尺寸大致相当的临界厚度以下的FePt有序化薄膜的（001）取向，同时，MgO和FePt的相对厚度显著影响（001）取向FePt的有序化。

Based on lots of achievements of predecessors, directed by reservoir sedimentology, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology, taking full advantage of loggin, core and thin section data from different wells, this paper has taken detailed study on the Upper Paleozoic strata in Tabamiao area.

本论文在众多前人研究成果的基础上，以储层沉积学，及高分辨率层序地层学、石油地质学等理论为指导，充分利用测井、钻井岩芯、薄片鉴定等资料，针对塔巴庙地区上古生界沉积相及沉积微相类型与展布，高分辨率层序地层特征与层序—岩相古地理演化，成岩作用类型与序列，孔隙类型与特征，以及储层物性特征与分布规律等方面展开了系统深入研究，最后对有利区带进行了预测。

Lithologic character of Eogene syste is interbedded sandstone and mudstone primarily, including the thin layer oil shale, Neocene- Quaternary system is set of rivers deposits. Based on this, through the reaserch of ateral correlation and distribution characteristics of every structural layers show that: Paleozoic synthem overall thickness of relatively stable.The residual thickness of Mesozoic synthem is difference in the horizontal, Residues in the horizontal thickness of greater difference, to the greatest thickness achieve to 4500m. Eogene syste has obviously fault depression basin deposition characteristic, the thickness of many sags achieve to 3000 m ,from Neocene, the stratum crosswise mop tended to be stable.

在此基础上，通过对各构造层横向对比以及展布特征的研究表明，古生界构造层整体厚度相对稳定，冷武-奥陶系残留厚度在1200m左右，石炭-二叠系残留厚度在800m左右；中生界构造层残留厚度在横向上差异较大，最大厚度达到4500m，其中，下-中三叠统仅发育于南部小部分地区，最大厚度在1000m以上，侏罗系-下白垩统整体具有南厚北薄的展布特征，南部冠北洼陷厚度最大，达到3500m；新生界古近系具明显的断陷式盆地沉积特征，多个洼陷厚度在3000m以上，新近纪以后地层横向展布趋于稳定。

But the research on Neopaleozoic petroleum reservoir geology and pool-forming conditions in this area is a weak point all the times, as restricts Neopaleozoic exploration activity in south of North China. Therefore, the research on Neopaleozoic petroleum reservoir geology and pool-forming conditions in south of North China Basin is very important for objectively evaluating exploration prospect and optimizing exploration targets in Neopaleozoic of south of North China.

但是，关于研究区上古生界油气储层地质和油气成藏条件的研究始终是一个薄弱环节，且制约着华北南部上古生界的油气勘探，因此，开展《华北盆地南部上古生界油气储层地质与成藏条件研究》，对于客观评价华北南部上古生界油气勘探前景和进行勘探目标优选具有重要作用。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.

济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组，储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主，盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。；圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。；气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。；主要气源体为岩浆气源体，气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。；气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。；岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段，火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。；断裂中，CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力，CO_2气容易上浮，CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。；气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性，会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩，随着压力增加，才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩；在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下，CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下，首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集，气体压力会不断增高，当压力增至一定程度，CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。；在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下，CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。；成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式，会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡，沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。

Methods: The flap in the treatment group was wrapped in several layers of gauze and fixed with plaster ring with their upper edge exceeding distal flaps 1cm and lower edge on proximal, with 6-8 layers of plaster in flap, the rest of the 3 to 4 layers.

治疗组以数层纱布包裹皮瓣后，石膏环形固定，上界超过皮瓣远端1cm，下界平皮瓣近端，皮瓣处置6～8层石膏，其余部分3～4层。

The interlayer strain normal to the grain boundary oscillates with increasing distance from the boundary plane.

我们发现晶界法向原子层间距应变表现出衰减振荡的趋势，远离晶界的原子层间距逐渐趋向于体相的值。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。