电阻的

But, it is a complicatedly diabatic and mass transport process that laser interacts with resistance materials.

针对上述情况，本文通过优化工艺设计方案进行电阻和电极的直写，并从电阻和电极界面的结合行为以及对形成电阻的表面性能、电气性能的影响进行分析和讨论。

But the bump resistance is quite small compared with the resistance of the metallization traces. Therefore, daisy-chain structure cannot detect the slight changes in microstructure in the solder joint.

在铝、铜等金属接点中，孔洞的成核与成长皆可利用电阻的变化来坐标定与观测，可是对焊锡接点而言，焊锡接点的电阻远较一般的金属导线与接点小，所以以往研究电迁移效应时所用的雏菊花环结构无法感测到焊锡电阻随微结构产生的微小变化。

The main point of the improvement is adding a circuit branch with an etalon resistance connected in series in it , for monitoring the shock-wave arrival time entering the sample, in the measuring electrical circuit.

这样做的好处是：(1)便于提高试件电阻信号的电平，或提高试件电阻的可测上限范围；(2)可以用基准电阻的实测值对试件的实测电阻值进行校核；(3)可以同时测得试件中的冲击波速度值。

Furthermore, the process of proportion resistance in the feedback circuit is changed, and the change of sampling voltage with sampling resistance is compensated with resistor. The impact of environment temperature on loading capacity and peak current is reduced.

此外，对反馈环中的比例电阻采用不同的工艺制作，通过电阻的温度系数补偿由采样电阻随温度变化所造成的采样电压的变化，减小温度对电路的带负载能力和峰值电流的影响。

The feedback resistance, R1, is dependent on cell sensitivity and should be chosen for either maximum dynamic range or for a desired scale factor. R2 is elective: in the case of photovoltaic cells or of photodiodes, it is not required in the case of photoconductive cells, it should be chosen to minimize bias current error over the operating range.

反馈电阻R1的取值由电池的灵敏度和要求的最大动态范围，或者需要的电流——电压转换比例决定。R2分情况选取：在光电池和光电二极管时不需要这个电阻，在光电导的时候，电阻的阻值应该能使在工作范围内，由OP输入偏置电流所带来的误差最小。

In order to optimize performances of shunt active power filter of harmonic compensation, attenuation ratio for switching ripple, stability and power losses, an improved LCL filter topology was presented based on the analysis of the frequency characteristics of the LCL filter, in which a switching-ripple shunt branch and a series-inductor were adopted to the damping resistor to reduce the power losses dramatically.

为了使并联有源滤波器谐波电流补偿性能、开关纹波衰减率、系统稳定性和功率损耗等方面性能得到系统的折中和优化，提出了一种改进型LCL滤波器拓扑，该结构充分利用了LCL滤波器的频率特性，在阻尼电阻两端引入开关纹波谐振分流支路，同时在阻尼电阻上串联一小电感，有效的减少了阻尼电阻的损耗而不改变系统的静态和动态性能。

In this thesis, three major achievements were made in theoretical study: conditions and rules for preparing nano-powders by chemical precipitation are analyzed from the point of view of thermodynamics and kinetics, the principle, standards and experimental method for the aqueous dispersion of nano-scaled metal oxide powders were proposed and verified, mathematical model of nano-filming addition of dopants by chemical coprecipitation was established. In experimental research, nm-ZnO, nm-Bi〓O〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powder with spherical shape, narrow particle size distribution and small particle size were prepared successfully, highly stable and dispersive aqueous suspensoid of nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powder were prepared successfully and surface modification on these nano-powders was also achieved, 0-3 nanocomposite ZnO varistors with nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓and nm-MnO respectively were prepared successfully by conventional mechanical attrition, and exhibited much better electrical properties than those of conventional varistors.

综上所述，本文在理论研究方面取得了三项成果：（1）从热力学和动力学角度推导并分析了液相化学沉淀法制备纳米粉体的反应条件和规律，（2）提出了纳米氧化物的水分散体系的设计原理、规范和通用实验步骤，（3）提出了共沉淀的数学模型和计算方法；在实验方面所取得的成果有：（1）成功制备了粒度小、分布窄、形貌对称的纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铋、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化亚锰，（2）成功地制备了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化锰的高稳定分散悬浮液并实现了干粉体的表面改性，（3）成功地进行了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锰对压敏电阻的0—3复合掺杂实验，试样性能远优于常规压敏电阻，为实现压敏电阻的高能高压化提供了新的方法和思路。

Data transmitted by AD7714 will be delivered to P1 of 89S52 through Din and Dout and will be settled by 89S52.The data corrected will be showed at keyboard and demonstration unit.

重点在于前端的温度传感与变送单元的设计，包括热电阻的选择问题，热电阻阻值的测定，精密桥式电阻的连接方式，滤波器的选择问题，系统稳压电源的设计和AD7714与积分式AD转换器的比较等问题。

The impacts of printing process and curing condition on antenna resistance are shown as follows: higher resistance of a printing antenna is generated not only by higher print pressure and velocity, which result in inadequate ink transfer, but also by lower curing temperature and shorter curing time, which can result in imperfect combustion of organic vehicles in silver ink.

印刷工艺与固化条件对天线电阻的影响主要表现在：较高的印刷速度与印刷压力会使银浆转移不充分，并导致天线电阻增加；而较低的固化温度、较短的固化时间也会使银浆中的有机载体不能充分燃烧，从而增加天线电阻。

The numerical calculation of grounding grid in large-scale substation under different conditions are carried out, including the breaking of grounding grid occurred in its edge part, in its mid-position as well as in different places simultaneously, thus the variation law of connective resistance of grounding grid under different conditions is obtained.

通过模拟计算，研究了变电站接地网导通电阻的变化规律，对不同情况下的接地网进行了模拟计算，包括边缘部分断开、中间部位断开以及多处部位断开，得出了不同情况下导通电阻的变化规律，结合变电站导通电阻的测试，将测试数据与计算数据进行比较，可判断接地网存在问题的位置。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。