电路

After some people have designed the hardware circuit, then I understand the function, structure and operating principle of circuit, and finally I program using assemble language to come true the function of circuit.

我在设计中做的主要是软件编程，即在别人已经把硬件电路设计出来的基础上，了解电路的功能、结构及工作原理，用汇编语言编制程序来实现电路的功能，同时也解决硬件电路难以实现或实现起来电路会复杂、成本高的问题。

With internationally latest studies, the paper also proposes some biquadrate filters which are capable to perform the functions of second-order low pass、 high pass、 band pass、 band stop、 all pass filtering by selecting one of the three inputs or their proper combinations from the same configuration, furthermore whose natural frequency and the quality factor can be tuned independently. Then a continuous-time biquadratic filter using CCCII is proposed, which can be used in hearing aids and in other analog signal processing applications. Lastly a current mode and a voltage mode novel n-order filters of multifunction are presented. Not all both of the n-order filters are electronic tunable,but also they are integrated conveniently and compatible with VLSI technology.

尽量的全面归纳以电流控制传送器为有源器件的有源网络模拟电路、模拟信号处理电路，借鉴国内外最新研究成果，提出两种基于CCCⅡ的双二阶滤波器，这些电路在不需要改变电路结构的情况下，能同时实现低通、高通、带通、带阻或全通多种滤波功能，并且滤波器的特征频率ω_0和品质因数Q可实现独立调节；其中一种基于CCCⅡ的双二阶滤波器，首次提出将CCCⅡ应用于可编程助听器领域；最后设计了两种高阶滤波器，电压模式和电流模式各一种，这两种滤波电路均能实现多种滤波功能，能实现滤波器参数的电调谐，具有易于集成等优点。

Based on the research results of Chaos theory, in this dissertation, it has made detailed analysis of the chaotic signal generator. Firstly, the characteristic and various detection methods of chaotic signal are recommended. Secondly, with the aid of software, such as MATLAB, PSPICE, EWB, etc, discussion of the process of generating chaotic signal proceeds. Through simulation, the output result of several kinds of chaotic circuit are analyzed and compared. Thirdly, aiming at Chuas chaotic circuit, through debugging, the impacts by components and parts in the circuit, such as operation amplifier, capacity, inductor, etc, has been further investigated. And then provides a new scheme to implement Lorenz chaotic system, the circuit design and analysis are presented in detail and it can be realized by the hardware of programmable arrays FPGA, the experimental results indicate that this scheme has the advantages of easy operation, flexible design and high efficiency. An application example in secure communications is also provided. Finally, through picking up the characteristic parameter-Lyapunov exponent of the Chaos we can analyze the performance of different chaotic signal generators.

本文在混沌理论研究成果的基础上，对混沌信号的产生做了详细的分析，涵盖以下内容：首先介绍了混沌的定义，混沌信号的基本特性和各种判别方法，特别是对简单的一维Logistic映射的硬件实现问题做了初步探索；其次对混沌信号的产生方法进行讨论，借助于MATLAB、PSPICE、EWB等仿真软件，对几种混沌电路输出的混沌信号进行了分析比较，并在此基础上针对典型三阶连续自治系统Chua's电路作进一步实验研究，通过混沌电路调试，深入研究电路中各元器件，特别是运算放大器、电容、电感等对混沌信号时域以及频谱的影响；再次研究连续混沌系统的数字化硬件产生，设计了Lorenz混沌电路在现场可编程门阵列FPGA上实现的新方案，在保密通信中的应用实验结果表明该方案具有操作简单、设计灵活、效率高等优点；最后针对不同混沌系统，采取不同算法，提取混沌特性参数Lyapunov指数，进而对不同的混沌信号发生器的性能进行了分析。

Considering the specialty of pseudo-random vector, a partial scan algorithm for BIST, which unifying the structure analysis and testability analysis, is presented in this paper. Then, the fault simulation experiments on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits by this algorithm is made, and the results, which made by the full scan algorithm and the partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, is compared. The conclusion is achieved: for pseudo-random vector, compared with the full scan circuit and the circuit geted by partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, the circuit geted by our partial scan algorithm can greatly reduce the test time with very close or even greater faults coverage and less area than the full scan.

考虑到伪随机测试向量的特殊性，本文借鉴确定性测试向量生成的部分扫描算法，在内建自测试环境中，提出一种综合结构分析和可测性分析的部分扫描算法，PSBAST，并运用此算法对ISCAS89 benchmark电路进行计算，并对经计算后得到的部分扫描电路进行故障模拟，最后将模拟结果与全扫描电路和一种仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的结果进行详细分析和比较，结果表明：对于伪随机测试向量，相对于全扫描电路和由仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的电路，本文提出的部分扫描算法得到的电路，能够在不低于全扫描结构故障覆盖率前提下，大幅度减少测试时间，并能降低测试面积开销。

A A Class 2 circuit as defined in 3.6; b A limited-voltage/current circuit as defined in 3.32; or c An internal circuit not conductively connected to another source of voltage or current (the voltage or current is received through the receptacle or connector), and the circuit and its components comply with applicable requirements of this standard 28 舞台灯标准 for separation from other than Class 2 and limited-voltage/current circuits.

a 二类电路详见3.6内容； b 限流/限压电路详见3.32或 c 内部电路与其它电压或电流不导电。电路和其元件符合分离不同于二类电路和限压/流电路标准的相关规定。

The graduation design is based on single chip microcomputer intelligent design of a power source, hardware design is the main task of the circuit design, battery, the three groups of different size power design, system design, manostat ADC0809 adc design, display design, the watchdog circuit module design, 3-8 decoder circuit design, AT89C51 basic circuit design, 74LS161 prescaler design and auxiliary circuit design, Software design task is: initialize program design, and key process design, charge control program design, A/D conversion program design, over-current protection program design, display design program.

本次毕业设计注意是设计一个基于单片机的智能电源，硬件设计的主要任务是：蓄电池充电电路的设计、三组不同大小的电源设计、系统稳压电源设计、ADC0809模数转换电路设计、看门狗电路设计、显示模块设计、3-8译码电路设计、AT89C51基本工作电路设计、74LS161分频器设计和辅助电路设计；软件设计的任务是：初始化程序设计、按键程序设计、充放电控制程序设计、A/D转换程序设计、过流保护程序设计、显示程序设计。

It's helpful in SPAD device optimized design and its subsequent electronic circuits and applications.

该电路模型可以直接应用于后续信号读出电路及前置放大电路系统的仿真设计，调节电路参数，优化电路性能，从而节省后续电路设计与制作的时间。

The control system includes the 8031 single chip microprocessor and Circuits of restituting position,circuits of exportation and importation, Circuits of translation code, transmission and induction system of temperature, the interface of coefficient, circuits of showing, stashing equipment and circuits of interface. The temperature is the controlled variable and a closed loop system is constructed.

该系统由8031单片机及其复位电路，晶振电路，总线收发电路，译码电路，温度传感器与系数接口，显示电路，存储器及接口电路组成控制器，以温度为被控制量的闭环控制系统，适用于大功率的电阻锅炉。

Based on the analysis of traditional converters, a novel circuit is proposed, what it defers from traditional two switches/phase converter is that it has not dump resistance, and that the rise time and falling time of the phase currents can be effectively reduced, and the torque and output power performance of the system is improved.

在分析了常用的功率变换电路基础上，提出了一种基于双开关功率变换电路的改进电路，该电路与常规双开关功率变换电路的区别在于不需要能耗制动电路，能够利用关断相绕组中储存的能量有效缩短相电流的建立和关断时间，改善SR电机高速运行时输出转矩下降和转矩脉动严重的问题，并且电机的输出功率也得到提高。

The hardware design project and principle are presented in detail, including the sensor and the single-chip microcomputer select, the signal processing circuit, the real-time clock circuit, the alarm circuit, the wireless receiving and transmitting circuit, the extension of FLASH memorizer, the key-board circuit and USB interface circuit, etc. As the counterpart, the software function modules are presented as well, including the main program of transmitter and receiver, the data acquisition and processing module, the display function module, the key function module, the three-level alarm on fault parameters module, the fault parameters memorizing and inquiring module and the wireless transmitting and receiving module, etc.

论文详细介绍了系统的硬件设计方案及其工作原理，包括传感器的选择、单片机的选择、信号调理电路、实时时钟电路、报警电路、FLASH存储器、无线发射与接收电路、键盘电路和USB接口电路等；同时详细介绍了软件设计方案及具体实现方法，包括发射机主程序、接收机主程序、数据采集与处理模块、键盘处理模块、故障数据存储与查询模块、显示功能模块、报警模块、无线发射与接收模块等。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了