电解还原

Thermodynamic analysis shows that electrochemical reduction of HSO-3 into dithionite is controlled dynamically, not thermodynamically, and that concentration decrease of the sulfur-compounds will be helpful to increase thermodynamic stability of dithionite produced by electrochemical reduction of HSO-3.3figs.,2tabs.,9refs.

热力学与文献研究结果表明，HSO-3电化学还原为S2O2-4的过程为动力学控制，当溶液中含硫物质的浓度均为0.001mol*dm-3时，HSO-3电解还原为S2O2-4的热力学稳定性提高。图3，表2，参9。

The results show that the particle size and porosity of cathode pellets are significant factors for three-phase interline during electrolysis process.

结果表明：阴极片的颗粒尺寸与孔隙率是影响有效三相界线的重要因素；孔隙率大和粒度小均有利于电解还原的进行，孔隙率小会导致阴极产物形成致密的金属钽外层，阻碍阴极进一步脱氧；成型压力4 MPa时1 150 ℃烧结2 h制备的阴极片具有合适的孔隙率和粒度，电化学活性良好，电解产物形貌均匀，氧含量低。

Through the reaction mechanism of metal-oxide-electrolyte three-phase interline, the influence of pellets microstructure on the electrolysis process and products morphology were discussed.

摘 要：利用固体透氧膜法电解还原Ta2O5制备金属钽，通过三相界面反应机制讨论了阴极微结构对电解过程及产物形貌的影响。

The selection of electrode materials is very important to the process of electro reduction ytterbium .

用电解还原法分离镱的过程中，电极材料的选择对整个电解过程有着十分重要的影响。

In the paper, some factors influencing the effect of reduction including the anodic material, the cathodal material, the area ratio of cathode to anode and the kind of electrolyte have been investigated and screened out. The result showed that under the same reduction conditions, the reduction of Cr6+ has better effect to use lead-antimony alloy as anode, iron plate as cathode, which area ratio is 7:1 and potassium sulphate as electrolyte.

本文首先对影响电解还原效果的阳极材料、阴极材料、阴阳极面积比和支持电解质加入的种类等因素进行了研究筛选，结果表明：在同样电解还原条件下，实验中阳极采用铅-锑合金，阴极采用铁板，阴阳极面积比取7∶1，支持电解质取为硫酸钾时，具有较好的Cr~(6+)还原效果；同时在采用铅-锑合金作阳极的条件下，通过正交实验，对影响直接在碱性介质中电解还原低浓度含铬废水的其他因素进行了研究，即研究了在电化学还原过程中，Cr~(6+)的初始浓度、极板间距、支持电解质的加入量、搅拌情况等因素对还原效果的影响程度，确定出了主要的影响因素。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

Electrolyzed and natural reduced water exhibit insulin-like activity on glucose uptake into muscle cells and adipocytes.

电解还原水及天然还原水以近似胰岛素的作用促进肌肉及脂肪细胞汲取葡萄糖。

In order to solve chromium waste water by means of electrolyzed deoxidation, we apply polyacrylonitrile carbon blanket as pole, graphite as bipolar plate, positive ion film as diaphragm, to an oxidation-reduction system, in which negative pole electrolyzes and reduces chromium waste water; meanwhile, oxides Fe~{2+} into Fe~{3+} in positive pole.

为了电解还原处理含铬废水，以聚丙烯腈碳毡作电极，石墨板作双极板，以阳离子交换膜为隔膜，组装出氧化还原电池系统。此系统阴极电解还原处理含铬废水，同时阳极氧化Fe2+为Fe3+。电池系统的平均电流效率达92.29%，处理后废水中铬含量小于10-5mol/L，达到国家排放标准

By comparing direct and indirect ways of electrolyzing, conclusions have been gotten that the percent reduction of indirect way is higher than that of direct way, but there will be plentiful flocculent precipitates in the indirect reduction.

郑州大学硕士学位论文通过对直接与间接电解两种方法的比较发现，间接电解法比直接电解法还原效率高，但间接电解还原中会出现大量的絮状沉淀。

The synthesis methods of hexamethyldisilane, such as reductive coupling reaction, Grignard reagent alkylation, electrochemical reduction et al, were recounted in details.

综述了近年来国外关于六甲基二硅烷的合成工艺(还原耦合法、格氏试剂法、电解还原法等)；并就其未来的研究方向提出了建议。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。