电解质

Doped ceria is a promising intermediate temperature solid electrolyte because of its higher oxygen ion conductivity and good compatibility with cathode and anode.

CeO_2基固体电解质由于具有比ZrO_2基固体电解质更高的离子电导率、很好的电极相容性而成为最有应用前景的中温固体电解质材料。

The main works of this paper are as follows:(1) The various methods for determining the cryolite ratio of electrolyte were summarized and compared. The phase constituents of aluminium electrolyte system were studied, the various cryolite ratio definitions for this reason were discussed.

本文研究和测定了工业铝生产中与电解质相关的几项重要的物理化学参数，包括铝电解质分子比的测定研究，氧化铝溶解性能的研究及测定，氧化铝浓度的测定及工业铝电解槽氧化铝浓度—槽电阻曲线的绘制，铝在电解质中溶解度的研究及测定。

Systematic isopiestic measurements have been carried out at the temperature 298.15K for the mixed nonelectrolyte aqueous solution saturated with an electrolyte {water (A1)+cadmium chloride〓(A2)+sorbitol +sucrose} and the mixed electrolyte aqueous solution saturated with another electrolyte {water (A1)+barium chloride〓(A2)+sodium chloride +ammonium chloride}, taking sodium chloride or calcium chloride as the reference standard.

以NaCl或CaCl〓为参考物，系统地测定了298.15K时一种电解质饱和的混合非电解质溶液{H〓O(A1)+CdCl〓(A2)+山梨醇+蔗糖}和一种电解质饱和的混合电解质溶液{H〓O(A1)+BaCl〓(A2)+NaCl+NH〓Cl}的等压平衡。

Systematic isopiestic determinations have been made at the temperature 298.15 K for the mixed nonelectrolyte aqueous solution saturated with an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte {water (A1)+sodium chloride〓(A2)+glycine〓(A3)+sorbitol+ sucrose}, the mixed nonelectrolyte solution saturated with two electrolytes {water (A1)+sodium chloride〓(A2)+barium chloride〓(A3)+sorbitol +sucrose}, and the mixed electrolyte solution saturated with another electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte {water (A1)+barium chloride〓(A2)+mannitol〓(A3)+ sodium chloride +ammonium chloride}, taking sodium chloride or calcium as the reference standard.

以NaCl或CaCl〓为参考物，系统地测定了298.15K时一种电解质和一种非电解质饱和的混合非电解质溶液{H〓O(A1)+NaCl〓(A2)+甘氨酸〓(A3)+山梨醇+蔗糖}、两种电解质饱和的混合非电解质溶液{H〓O(A1)+NaCl〓(A2)+BaCl〓(A3)+山梨醇+蔗糖}以及一种电解质和一种非电解质饱和的混合电解质溶液{H〓O(A1)+BaCl〓(A2)+甘露醇〓(A3)+NaCl+NH〓Cl}的等压平衡。

Firstly, it is difficult to densify CeO2 based solid electrolyte materials and a sintering temperature above 1600℃is required to prepare dense CeO2 based solid electrolyte materials by the conventional solid-state reaction method;Secondly, doped ceria are brittle materials and have weak mechanical strength, which would be susceptible to fracture due to thermal stresses and mechanical stresses during cell fabrication and operation; Thirdly, electronic conduction will be introduced because of the reduction of Ce4+ under low oxygen partial pressure, which would reduce the output voltage and output power of the cells.

其一，CeO_2基电解质材料难以致密化，用常规的固态反应法制备的CeO_2基电解质粉体需要在1600℃以上烧结才能达到致密化；其二，CeO_2基电解质为脆性材料，机械强度低，使其容易在电池的制造及运行过程中由于热应力及机械应力而破裂；其三，CeO_2基电解质在燃料极一侧由于Ce4+还原为Ce3+出现电子导电，降低电池的输出电压和输出功率，影响电池的性能。

Firstly, it is difficult to densify CeO2 based solid electrolyte materials and a sintering temperature above 1600℃is required to prepare dense CeO2 based solid electrolyte materials by the conventional solid-state reaction method;Secondly, doped ceria are brittle materials and have weak mechanica...

其一，CeO_2基电解质材料难以致密化，用常规的固态反应法制备的CeO_2基电解质粉体需要在1600℃以上烧结才能达到致密化；其二，CeO_2基电解质为脆性材料，机械强度低，使其容易在电池的制造及运行过程中由于热应力及机械应力而破裂；其三，CeO_2基电解质在燃料极一侧由于Ce4+还原为Ce3+出现电子导电，降低电池的输出电压和输出功率，影响电池的性能。

Compared with the unactivated P polyelectrolyte film, the activated form P/PMMA polyelectrolyte film obtained by adopting the technology of the invention has better absorbency, room-temperature conductivity, electrochemical stability and the interface stability of electrolyte and lithium electrode; the performance of a lithium secondary battery prepared by using activated electrolyte is obviously better than the performance of the lithium secondary battery prepared by using the unactivated polyelectrolyte; the invention has simple technology, short reaction time, and convenient and easy condition for technologized production.

采用本发明技术获得的活化型P/PMMA聚合物电解质薄膜相比未活化的P聚合物电解质膜，有更好的吸液性和室温电导率，更好的电化学稳定性及电解质和锂电极的界面稳定性；用活化后的电解质制备的锂二次电池性能明显好于未活化聚合物电解质制备的锂二次电池；本发明工艺简单，反应时间短，为工艺化生产提供了简便易行的条件。

Azobenzene functionalized polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles are novel functional polymers with many interesting characteristics such as the photo-responsive properties based on the photo-induced cis-trans isomerization, the ability to build up ordered supramolecular structure, and the sensitivity to the environmental stimuli. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the rules that control the formation of ordered structures from the azo polyelectrolytes and polyamphiphiles based on the supramolecular interaction, to explore the relationships between the material functionality and the supramolecular self-assembled structures at different levels, and to establish the methods for producing novel materials with potential applications in photonic and electronic areas.

中文题名光响应性偶氮聚电解质自组装及超分子结构的研究副题名外文题名 Self-assembly and supramolecular structure of photoresponsive azo polyelectrolytes 论文作者庹新林导师刘德山教授学科专业材料学研究领域\研究方向高分子材料学位级别博士学位授予单位清华大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数162页关键词聚电解质超分子结构自组装偶氮聚电解质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O631 /38 偶氮聚电解质和两亲性偶氮聚合物是一类新颖的功能性聚合物，同时具有偶氮苯基团的光响应性、聚电解质和两亲性聚合物在适当条件下形成各种有序结构及其结构对周围环境具有敏感响应性等特点。

We tried to prepare Li2S-SiS2 based thionitride glasses by the solid synthesize method, where Li3N was used as a nitrogen source. This paper reports the preparations, electrical, and electrochemical properties of Li2S-SiS2-Li3N glasses. Phase identification was carried out by X-ray diffraction .Ionic conductivity of the pelletized solid electrolytes was investigated through AC impedance.

本文以无机固体电解质为研究对象，利用固相合成方法制备了以Li2S-SiS2为基体掺杂Li3N的三元体系Li2S-SiS2-Li3N；通过XRD对样品进行了物相分析；采用交流阻抗技术测量了电解质样片的阻抗谱并计算了离子电导率和活化能；并利用循环伏安法估测了电解质样片的电化学稳定性；用固体电解质组装成模拟电池进行充放电测试。

By using the Nernst equation and measured electromotive force data,the corresponding mean activity coefficients of KI and interaction parameters were obtained.The weak association of KI in methanol was discussed.

研究较多的是利用离子选择性电极与电解质溶液组成无液接电池，测定对某一电解质响应的电动势数据，由此从电动势出发可以关联得到电解质溶液活度系数的Pitzer方程或其它方程的参数，进而得到电解质溶液的活度系数[1]。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。