电离层的

The ionosphere is a complex medium,which is aeolotropy,asymmetry,dispersive and changes randomly with time.

电离层是随机时变，各向异性，非均匀、色散的复杂介质。

Auroral electrojet index is usually used to quantitatively describe the activity of the geomagnetic field in the polar region.

极光电集流指数被广泛用来定量描述由电离层电流引起的极光带地磁活动。

With EISCAT radar observations during 1988～1999, the climatologic features of electron densities in the auroral ionospheric Fregion have been investigated statistically and compared with the IRI2001 model for different seasons at different phases of the solar cycle.

利用1988～1999年欧洲非相干散射EISCAT雷达观测数据，对不同太阳活动周相、不同季节的极光椭圆区电离层F区电子密度进行统计分析，研究其气候学特征，并与IRI2001模式比较。

Using the observed data obtained from stations all over the world and the related interplanetary and geomagnetic material, we study the response of global ionospheric F〓-layer parameter NmF〓 and hmF〓 to five typical different type geomagnetic disturbance events induced by different interplanetary magnetic cloud, by dividing the global ionosphere into high, middle and low latitude a ccording the variations of magnetic latitude, and adopting the UT/LT (universal time /local time) method.

利用全球电离层台站提供的观测资料及有关行星际、地磁观测资料，根据磁纬变化将全球分成高、中、低纬三个不同的区域，并采用了UT/LT的方法，分析了全球电离层F2层参数NmF2和hmF2对于五次由不同行星际磁云引起的不同类型地磁扰动事件的响应。

These results show that:(1) the results retrieved from the Abel integral and absolute TEC inversion are consistent on the whole at higher orbits altitude (~800 km), and in good agreement with those measured by ionosondes; the results retrieved from absolute TEC inversion are in better agreement with those obtained from ionosondes than that by the Abel integral inversion at lower orbits attitude (~500 km);(2) the maximal electron density N m from absolute TEC inversion is closer to N mF2 from ionosondes than that from Abel integral inversion, and the method of the former is more rigorous and effective than that of the latter;(3) absolute TEC is more sensitive to cycle slip than Abel integral, but for the two ways significant loss of inversion precision due to cycle slip always exists.

结果表明：（1）在较高轨道高度（约800 km），Abel积分与绝对TEC方法的反演结果基本一致，都与电离层测高仪反演结果符合良好；在较低轨道高度（约500 km），绝对TEC反演精度优于Abel积分反演精度；（2）绝对TEC反演的最大电子密度 N m较Abel积分法获得的结果更接近于电离层测高获得的峰值电子密度 N mF2，绝对TEC反演法更加严密和有效；（3）周跳对绝对TEC反演结果的影响较Abel积分反演结果的影响更为敏感，但无论哪种方法，周跳对反演精度都造成严重损失。

Consequently, the vertical TEC around the receiving station was exported. Through this method, the vertical TEC got is an average value of a prick angle around the vertex. With the statistics of dispersion and the high precision data collected in Kunming station, the authors calculated the day by day time sequence value of total electron content in altiplano zone ionosphere. Based on this, they described the characteristics of TEC Sunday-changing in double-hump zone, comparing with CORS of Kunming.

这种方法得到的垂直TEC为天顶周围一锥角内的平均值，通过离散度的统计，并结合昆明站采集得到的高精度数据计算了该地区电离层2007年6~8月的电离层电子浓度总含量的逐日时间序列值，在此基础上对照昆明市连续运行参考站CORS描绘出了对于处在双驼峰区里该地区TEC日变化的特性。

Based on the forenamed theory, Estimated the Total Electron Content including the second-order ionospheric error. Established the 2°×2° geomagnetic vector grid-model over mostly area of China , then processed some dual-frequency data to indicate the algorithm is feasible and correct. Obtained some useful conclusion after analyzing the result of data processing.

本文计算了基于中心电离层单层模型的覆盖中国区域的2°×2°地磁场格网点的矢量值，对计算结果的X、Y、Z三个方向分量进行二次曲面拟合，对两种考虑地磁场影响计算包含电离层延迟误差二阶项的TEC估计结果进行了计算，验证了拟合模型的正确性和可行性，并对试算结果进行了分析，得到了一些有益的结论。

Since the storm heating intensities at the lower thermosphere resulting from energetic particles precipitated from the magnetosphere are different from area to area, the features of the ionospheric storm are also discrepant in different longitudinal chain regions.

特强磁暴引发的电离层暴是全球性的，但自磁层沉降的高能粒子对热层低部的加热程度及区域分布不同，因而各经度链区域内电离层暴的特征也有所差异。

As main part of this thesis, the responses of the ionosphere on solar flare radiation are analyzed by means of GPS method, which is the first time in the world to analyze this kind of ionospheric disturbance using GPS method.

本论文在分析GPS系统以及空间环境对其影响的基础上，归纳出了一个简单有效而高精度的利用双频GPS数据进行电离层扰动研究的数据处理方法；分析了该方法的各种误差源及其修正；并利用该方法研究了发生于电离层中的多种背景和扰动形态。

This artificially induced plasma depletion can then be used to investigate other space phenomena, such as the growth of the plasma instabilities or the modification of radio propagation paths. The 47 second OMS burn of July 29, 1985, produced the largest and most long-lived ionospheric hole to date, dumping some 830 kg of exhaust into the ionosphere at sunset. A 6 second, 68 km OMS release above Connecticut in August 1985, produced an airglow which covered over 400,000 square km.

这一人工诱导离子损耗之后能够被用于研究其他的太空现象，比如离子不稳定性的增长或者无线电传播通道的改变。1985年7月29日47秒的轨道操纵系统的燃烧产生了迄今为止最大和最长期的电离层空洞，将大约830公斤的废气在日落时倾倒入电离层。1985年8月康涅迪格上空6秒种、68公里的轨道操纵系统的排放产生了覆盖40万平方公里的气辉。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。