电离层的

In this dissertation, GPS baseline solution precision is analyzed since the following aspects: 1, Different length baselines are processed and analyzed by single frequency model and ionosphere free model. 2, Basing on current single point positioning precision, certain coordinate error is added into fixed points to study the result. 3, Baseline is processed and analyzed with different observation vectors and their lineal combination models. 4, 24 hours observation was divide up to process baseline.

本文从以下几个角度研究了影响GPS基线解算精度的因素：1、采用单频和消电离层模式对不同长度的基线分别解算，对处理结果进行分析。2、根据目前单点定位精度给起始点加上适当的坐标偏差，研究起始点坐标偏差对基线处理结果的影响。3、选用不同的观测值及其线性组合，对基线解算结果进行研究。4、对24小时观测的数据分时段处理，分析观测时间段对基线处理结果的影响。

The mathematical models of the delay of the GPS signal in the circumstance are put forward respectively. The computation of orbital arc of the two satellite constellations is based on two body problem and perturbations models. An algorithm based on the IRI model and thin layer model is used to simulate the ionospheric delay of the GPS signal. The error models of observation, multipath, relativity and antenna phase center bias are also researched. Under the consideration of the autocorrelation of the electronical measurements, the autoregressive model of time series is introduced into the noise models.

在信号仿真中，研究了利用二体运动和摄动法计算LEO卫星至GPS卫星星座的几何距离的问题；在信号的误差模型中，研究了电离层时延的IRI2001模型和单层投影模型；讨论了观测误差、多径效应、相对论效应和天线相位中心偏移的误差模型；结合电子测量噪声的具有自相关特性的经验，研究了观测误差的AR模型；结合实测数据分析，讨论了接收机钟差和卫星钟差的误差建模问题。

A formidable energy impulse is sent in by the accident the ionized layer, the result is the disastrous before very orderly ultra strong hurricane changed suddenly the direction; The tropics area blew the piercing cold wind; Flutters sprinkles the heavy rain to flow swiftly crazily continues; The unprecedented giant lightning attacks the city in the storm, strikes a building for the ruins.

一股强大的能量脉冲被意外送入电离层，结果是灾难性的以前很有规律的超强飓风突然改变了方向；热带地区刮起了刺骨的寒风；飘泼大雨狂泻不止；史无前例的巨大闪电在风暴中袭击城市，将一座座建筑击为废墟。

Firstly, three popular ionosphere models (Klobuchar model, IRI and JPL GIM) were compared with grid TEC. Then CNC TEC Map using Kriging method with constant drift, linear drift and quadratic drift were compared with each other. Then TEC map derived from nearest neighbor method, polynomial regression method (order=5) and Kriging method with different temporal resolution of 5 minutes, 30 minutes and 120 minutes were compared.

比较了目前被广泛使用的电离层模型（Klobuchar， IRI和JPL GIM）与真实的TEC分布的符合情况；比较了常数漂移（普通Kriging方法）、线性漂移和二次漂移的Kriging方法；在三种不同的时间分辨率（5min， 30min和120min）下，比较了Kriging算法、就近插值算法和多项式回归算法（5阶）绘制CNC TEC Map的效果。

This spectacular image captures the nebulas, bright ionization fronts , and fine details of the dark dust.

这张壮观的图片捕获了这个星系、明亮的电离层，以及一些黑色的尘埃物质很多的细节。

On the other hand, data analysis reveals that the ionosphere and its background thermosphere undergo numerous kinds of variations, i.e. the diurnal, day-to-day, semiannual and annual variations.

在另外一方面，大量的研究工作表明，在电离层及其背景大气中广泛存在着各种时间尺度的变化行为，例如典型的周日变化、逐日变化、准27天变化、半年变化、周年变化、准两年变化以及随太阳活动周期的11年、甚至更长周期的变化等等。

In section one, by using FICE scheme and TIME-GCM, a model of trace gases and OH airglow affected by gravity wave is set up, then the propagation of nonlinear gravity wave and the effect on trace gases and OH airglow are analyzed. The result shows gravity wave excited by tropospause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that energy and momentum can be transferred from one region to another. In this process, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. And the no-isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small-scale waves.

在第一部分的工作中，利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式，对重力波的非线性传播及其在传播过程中对中高层大气中氧族和氢族成分和与之密切相关的OH气辉辐射的影响进行了数值模拟，结果表明，从对流层向上传播的重力波经历了产生、发展、饱和、对流产生直至破碎的非线性演化，大气的非等温结构加速了重力波在中层顶区的破碎，重力波的非线性传播是小尺度对流和湍流产生的一个重要的源。

In section one, by using FICE scheme and TIME-GCM, a model of trace gases and OH airglow affected by gravity wave is set up, then the propagation of nonlinear gravity wave and the effect on trace gases and OH airglow are analyzed. The result shows gravity wave excited by tropospause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that energy and momentum can be transferred from one region to another. In this process, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. And the no-isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small-scale waves. The propagation of gravity wave will affect the distribution of minor species.

在第一部分的工作中，利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式，对重力波的非线性传播及其在传播过程中对中高层大气中氧族和氢族成分和与之密切相关的OH气辉辐射的影响进行了数值模拟，结果表明，从对流层向上传播的重力波经历了产生、发展、饱和、对流产生直至破碎的非线性演化，大气的非等温结构加速了重力波在中层顶区的破碎，重力波的非线性传播是小尺度对流和湍流产生的一个重要的源。

Collisinal Rayleigh-Tailor instability in the ionospheric F region of lowand mid-latitudes is discussed.

讨论了中低纬度电离层F区中有碰撞的Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的线性增长率，着重考察背景中性风对增长率的影响，首先建立了适合于描述中低纬地区R-T不稳定性的基本方程，其中包括背景中性风和电场。

Vibrationally excited molecular nitrogen N*2 plays an important role in the F region ionosphere by increasing the loss rate of the dominant ion O+, thereby reducing the electron concentration in the F region of the ionosphere.

激发态氮分子N*2在电离层F区中起着重要的作用，它使F区占主导地位的O+离子的损失率增大，从而使该区的电子浓度减少。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。