电离层的

It is concluded that conjoint analysis among different parameters should be applied in order to distinguish the precursors related to the earthquakes.

综合分析认为，对于与地震相关的电离层异常的识别需要结合多个观测参量的联合分析。

Finally, a possible mechanism which could account for these pre-earthquake ionospheric perturbations is discussed.

最后，对震前出现的这些电离层异常的可能的物理机理进行了讨论。

However, if we take ionospheric variations as a tool for short-term predictions before earthquakes, we still have a long way to go.

但要将震前的电离层扰动作为地震短临预报的工具，还有许多值得我们去深入研究和解决的问题。

In this approach, double-differenced dual-frequency phase measurements and the known coordinates of reference stations as well as the precise ephemeris are used to rebuild observation equation, and then a Kalman filter is designed for the parameters estimation, i.e. ionosphere delay etc.

该算法使用双差双频相位、参考站精确的坐标和精密星历构造观测量，并用卡尔曼滤波来估计电离层参数，在给定显著水平的情况下，可以使用单个或少量历元以假设检验的方法探测和修复周跳。

It is shown that under the action of the shock, the region I current moves towards the midnight, accompanied by a successive occurrence of two FAC structures: an anomalous FAC pair of opposite direction to the region I current and a new region I current of the same direction.

模拟结果表明，在激波的作用下，电离层Ⅰ区电流系统向子夜方向运动，在向阳侧相继出现与原Ⅰ区电流反向的异常场向电流对和同向的新生Ⅰ区电流对。

For the question of distribution and acceleration of ionospheric ions O+,H+ and He+ in the magnetosphere, the ions static distribution function is found by solving the dynamic equation, and the up-flowing ion static distributions with various Kp indexes are investigated. The ions distribution function during the geo-magnetic dipolarization is simulated, and the upflowing ion acceleration in the magnetotail is investigated.

针对磁层中电离层离子O+、H+和He+分布与加速问题，采用动力论方程求解了离子定态分布函数，研究了不同Kp指数条件下上行离子的定态分布；模拟了磁场偶极化过程中离子分布函数随时间的变化，研究了上行离子在磁尾的加速。

In this paper the mathematical models and methods for GPS single-point positioning are studied systematically on the theory.All kinds of error correction formulas are studied,such as ironsphere correction,troposphere correction,relativistic effect correction,earth rotation correction ,earth tides correction ,satellites antenna phase center offset correction. GPS single-point positioning programs is coded with pseudoranges and broadcast ephemerides,phases and broadcast ephemerides,and phases and precise ephemerides.And a great amount of computation has been done using the data collected .The results are computed with the 24 hour pseudoranges observation data before and after the canceling of the SA.

本文从理论上系统地研究了GPS单点定位的数学模型和方法，研究了各项误差改正公式，例如电离层改正、对流层改正、相对论周期部分改正、地球旋转改正、地球固体潮改正、卫星天线相位中心偏差改正；编写了伪距与广播星历、相位和广播星历及相位和精密星历的定位程序，并使用有关数据进行了大量的计算工作。

From the surface, the atmosphere is labelled the troposphere for the first 14km up, then the tropopause (4km height), then the stratosphere (about 32km height), then the mesosphere (40km), then the ionosphere (over 600km in height) and finally the exosphere (another 200km), which is the boundary of space.

从表面上看，气氛标签的第一个14公里的对流层上升，那么对流层顶（4公里高度），然后在平流层（约32公里高度），然后中间层（40公里），然后在电离层（高度600公里以上）和最后是散逸层（另200公里），这是空间的边界。

The ionosphere that part of the atmosphere between 65 and 80 km and 280- 320 km height, will be disrupted by mechanical forces caused by the pressure wave following the explosion.

电离层在65-80公里和 280- 320 公里之间高度的大气那一部分，将被随着爆炸产生的冲击波的机械力所扰乱。

Provided by the use of IGS precise ephemeris and precision clock bad, you can achieve high-precision positioning and orbit determination, which makes GPS in determining the satellite orbit to monitor the ionosphere and troposphere in the job to play an increasingly important role.

利用IGS提供的精密星历和精密钟差，可以实现高精度定位和定轨，这使得GPS在确定卫星轨道、监测电离层和对流层中的工作中发挥了举足轻重的作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。