电离层

The ionosphere is a complex medium,which is aeolotropy,asymmetry,dispersive and changes randomly with time.

电离层是随机时变，各向异性，非均匀、色散的复杂介质。

In comparison with existing models,the derived models possess higher accuracy,are applicable to high and low elevation angles and targets located in lower atmosphere and ionosphere,have no restriction of range,do not involve the problem of apparent elevation angle rate and are convenient in practice.

与现有模型比较，所得模型精度较高，适用于高低仰角，目标可在低层大气与电离层内，没有距离限制，不涉及视在仰角变化率问题，便于实际应用。

By definition,for targets located in a spherically stratified lower atmosphere or ionosphere,this paper derives the residual error models［Formulae (14) and (20);(24) and (27);(57) and (59),(63) and (65)］ of elevation angle refraction errors,range refraction errors and range rate refraction errors corresponding to monopulse radar and trilateration radar.

提要 本文从定义出发，推导出目标在球面分层低层大气或电离层内仰角折射误差、距离折射误差和相应于单脉冲雷达与三站雷达的距离变化率折射误差的残差模型［式(14)与(20)；(24)与(27)；(57)与(59)，(63)与(65)］。

Auroral electrojet index is usually used to quantitatively describe the activity of the geomagnetic field in the polar region.

极光电集流指数被广泛用来定量描述由电离层电流引起的极光带地磁活动。

In this dissertation, GPS baseline solution precision is analyzed since the following aspects: 1, Different length baselines are processed and analyzed by single frequency model and ionosphere free model. 2, Basing on current single point positioning precision, certain coordinate error is added into fixed points to study the result. 3, Baseline is processed and analyzed with different observation vectors and their lineal combination models. 4, 24 hours observation was divide up to process baseline.

本文从以下几个角度研究了影响GPS基线解算精度的因素：1、采用单频和消电离层模式对不同长度的基线分别解算，对处理结果进行分析。2、根据目前单点定位精度给起始点加上适当的坐标偏差，研究起始点坐标偏差对基线处理结果的影响。3、选用不同的观测值及其线性组合，对基线解算结果进行研究。4、对24小时观测的数据分时段处理，分析观测时间段对基线处理结果的影响。

For the automatic scaling and analysis of the ionospheric parameters, a method based on the empirical orthogonal function analysis of the ionospheric electron density profiles is proposed in this paper. This method is applied to the measured ionograms of CADI (Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde), which is set up at Beijing Space Environment Observation Station (403°N, 1162°E).

本文针对电离层频高图参数的实时自动度量和分析问题，提出了一种基于电子浓度高度剖面经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function，简称EOF)分析的频高图参数自动度量方法，并将该方法应用到位于北京空间环境观测站(403°N，1162°E)的CADI(Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde)数字测高仪观测频高图的实时自动度量和分析上。

Both aurora display and auroral electrojet, as the most important manifestations of the energy coupling between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere, are resulted from particle precipitation,and greatly enhanced during substorms. However, they have rather different behaviors and AE-dependences.

极光活动加剧和极光电集流增强是磁层-电离层能量耦合的两种重要表现形式，它们同为磁层带电粒子向电离层沉降的结果，但是变化规律却非常不同。

This artificially induced plasma depletion can then be used to investigate other space phenomena, such as the growth of the plasma instabilities or the modification of radio propagation paths. The 47 second OMS burn of July 29, 1985, produced the largest and most long-lived ionospheric hole to date, dumping some 830 kg of exhaust into the ionosphere at sunset. A 6 second, 68 km OMS release above Connecticut in August 1985, produced an airglow which covered over 400,000 square km.

这一人工诱导离子损耗之后能够被用于研究其他的太空现象，比如离子不稳定性的增长或者无线电传播通道的改变。1985年7月29日47秒的轨道操纵系统的燃烧产生了迄今为止最大和最长期的电离层空洞，将大约830公斤的废气在日落时倾倒入电离层。1985年8月康涅迪格上空6秒种、68公里的轨道操纵系统的排放产生了覆盖40万平方公里的气辉。

In the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere. At present, there are a variety of advanced ground based instruments, such as proton magnetometer, fluxgate magnetometer, Digisonde, GPS ionospheric TEC and scintillation monitor, HF Doppler, all-sky meteor radar and airglow imager etc. The data monitoring and processing center can monitor the observation instrument working state in all stations and collect and process data through Internet. Some of processing data results can be published on the web near real time( http://space.iggcas.ac.cn ).

目前，台链拥有质子磁力仪，磁通门磁力仪，电离层数字测高仪， GPS TEC 和电离层闪烁监测仪，高频多普勒探测仪，全天空流星雷达和气辉成像观测仪等多种先进的地基空间环境综合观测设备，台链监控和数据中心对各台站观测仪器和数据状态进行监控，观测数据实时传输到台链数据中心进行处理和保存，并在互联网上实时发布（网址： http：//space.iggcas.ac.cn ）。

F region is one of the most important regions in the ionosphere. The night-time irregularities in this region can affect nearly all-frequency radio waves propagating through them.

电离层F区是电离层最主要的区域，尤其是其中的不规则结构，导致几乎所有波段的电磁波产生幅度和相位的闪烁。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。