电离层

Similar experiments, but using Chemical Release Modules, have been launched from Churchill, Manitoba. In 1980, Brian Whelan's "Project Waterhole" disrupted an aurora borealis, bringing it to a temporary halt. In February 1983, the chemical released into the ionosphere caused an aurora borealis over Churchill. In March 1989, two Black Brant X's and two Nike Orion rockets were launched over Canada, releasing barium at high altitudes and creating artificial clouds.

同样的但是采用化学释放模型的实验，在加拿大马尼托巴的丘吉尔被启动。1980年，布瑞安威兰的"水洞项目"中断了一次北极光，使之暂时停止。1983年2月，排放进电离层的化学物质引发了丘吉尔上空的北极光。1989年3月，两艘"黑雁X"和两艘"耐克奥瑞恩"火箭在加拿大上空被发射，在高纬度释放钡产生人工云。

Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation in ionosphere by using FDTD combined with Z transform method.

用FDTD及Z变换方法分析电离层中电磁波传播。

But one puzzle is that the colours in the Chinese clouds were upside down from a normal circumzenithal halo red pointing towards the horizon and blue towards the Sun, instead of the other way round.

HAARP系统射向电离层的电磁频谱反射回地球后，可以穿透地面，而在此波束辐射范围内的人或动物的大脑将被破坏，而这一点也被相关人士指称是美国军方进行此项研究的目的之一。

According to the simulation of up-flowing ions i. e., O (superscript +, H (superscript +) and He (superscript +) distribution function and using dynamic equation during dipolarization in substorm in magnetotail, ion acceleration and energization are investigated.

根据采用动力学方程对亚暴期间磁尾磁场向偶极形弛豫过程中离子分布函数的模拟结果，研究了磁尾来自电离层的O， H和 He离子的速度及能量随时间的变化。

For the question of distribution and acceleration of ionospheric ions O+,H+ and He+ in the magnetosphere, the ions static distribution function is found by solving the dynamic equation, and the up-flowing ion static distributions with various Kp indexes are investigated. The ions distribution function during the geo-magnetic dipolarization is simulated, and the upflowing ion acceleration in the magnetotail is investigated.

针对磁层中电离层离子O+、H+和He+分布与加速问题，采用动力论方程求解了离子定态分布函数，研究了不同Kp指数条件下上行离子的定态分布；模拟了磁场偶极化过程中离子分布函数随时间的变化，研究了上行离子在磁尾的加速。

In this paper the mathematical models and methods for GPS single-point positioning are studied systematically on the theory.All kinds of error correction formulas are studied,such as ironsphere correction,troposphere correction,relativistic effect correction,earth rotation correction ,earth tides correction ,satellites antenna phase center offset correction. GPS single-point positioning programs is coded with pseudoranges and broadcast ephemerides,phases and broadcast ephemerides,and phases and precise ephemerides.And a great amount of computation has been done using the data collected .The results are computed with the 24 hour pseudoranges observation data before and after the canceling of the SA.

本文从理论上系统地研究了GPS单点定位的数学模型和方法，研究了各项误差改正公式，例如电离层改正、对流层改正、相对论周期部分改正、地球旋转改正、地球固体潮改正、卫星天线相位中心偏差改正；编写了伪距与广播星历、相位和广播星历及相位和精密星历的定位程序，并使用有关数据进行了大量的计算工作。

Firstly, three popular ionosphere models (Klobuchar model, IRI and JPL GIM) were compared with grid TEC. Then CNC TEC Map using Kriging method with constant drift, linear drift and quadratic drift were compared with each other. Then TEC map derived from nearest neighbor method, polynomial regression method (order=5) and Kriging method with different temporal resolution of 5 minutes, 30 minutes and 120 minutes were compared.

比较了目前被广泛使用的电离层模型（Klobuchar， IRI和JPL GIM）与真实的TEC分布的符合情况；比较了常数漂移（普通Kriging方法）、线性漂移和二次漂移的Kriging方法；在三种不同的时间分辨率（5min， 30min和120min）下，比较了Kriging算法、就近插值算法和多项式回归算法（5阶）绘制CNC TEC Map的效果。

Therefore,the pseudospectral time-domain method was used to solve the equations of cold plasma.

这与用高阶2TD方法数值模拟结果一致，表明时域伪谱算法模拟电磁波在电离层中长距离传播的有效性。

During years of exceptionally high sunspot activity, as was the case in 1990 and 1991, the F-layer of the ionosphere is capable of refracting signals above 54 MHz.

在几年格外高黑点活动期间，象案件1990 年和1991 年，电离层的F 层数是能折射信号在54 兆赫之上。

Based on the effect laws of approximate replacement error, an algorithm that uses the pseudoranges to reinitiate carrier phase observations is established to eliminate the influence of this error.

通过对几个测区的对流层延迟和电离层延迟的计算和结果分析，当监测距离在20km的范围内，且测站间高差不超过100m时，大气延迟的影响也可以不考虑。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。