电离

Research on biological damages caused by various ionizing radiations is the frontier area of radiobiology and radiology. It is also the hot spot included in recent public focus.

电离辐射所致生物损伤的研究既是放射生物学和放射医学中重要的前沿领域，也是目前各方面所关心的热点问题。

The study on themechanisums has been a hotspot of biology and radiobiology.

值得关注的是，自从国外学者提出电离辐射旁效应概念以来，许多研究者证实旁效应的存在，对&照射细胞核才会引起细胞致命的损伤&&只有受照射细胞才受到损伤&等某些传统观念提出了有力的挑战，辐射诱导的基因不稳定性、细胞质受到照射所致的突变及旁效应等在辐射致癌中同样具有重要作用，并得到放射生物学界的确认。

Research in vitro by Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute showed that Gadd45 mRNA increases promptly after IR and its mRNA level is proportionate to exposure dose.

美国陆军放射生物研究所的体外研究工作表明，受电离辐射照射后，人外周血中Gadd45 mRNA水平迅速升高，且mRNA水平与照射剂量存在较好的剂量—效应关系。

The mathematical model of plasma arc jet velocity at the exit of orifice logically combines the structural sizes of orifice with the plasma gas flow rate, the temperature of plasma arc at the exit of orifice, intensity of ionization and the force of arc pinch effect, by which the velocity of plasma arc jet can be estimated.

当喷嘴结构参数，离子气流量一定时，等离子弧在喷嘴出口处的温度和电离度的增加能使射流的喷嘴出口速度显著增加，而电磁压缩力使射流的喷嘴出口速度增加得较少。

In addition, the detailed introduction is given on the endstation of atomic and molecular physics. The formative mechanism of molecular beam is discussed. The theory of time of flight mass spectrometry and multi-photoionization chamber are also discussed in this chapter. Last, the method of data acquisition is described.

另外，对原子分子物理实验站作了具体介绍，讨论了分子束的形成机理、飞行时间质谱仪的设计原理及多级光电离室的原理和结构，给出了该实验站仪器配备情况，并简要介绍了该实验站配套的数据采集方法。

As a result, the number of electrons on CO 2π~* incr...

CO 5σ中C原子的杂化形式也由sp杂化转化为sp~2杂化。K的共吸附使CO各轨道的电离势有所上升。

Prominences are clouds of relatively cool and dense plasma escaping from the Sun's hot and thin corona.

日珥是相对地较冷和较高密度的电离气体，并从较热和较薄的日冕之中喷射出来。

From the measured spectrum of He-like Al ions, we observed that the intensities of qr satellites were stronger than that of ijk satellites, and according to these observed satellite features, we have identified that photon ionization and photon excitation have very important effect on the ionization balance of these radiatively heated plasmas.

从测量得到的Al类氦离子发射光谱可以观察到，qr等伴线的强度明显高于ijk伴线的强度，由此可以确定出光子激发和电离过程对输运腔中等离子体的形成不可忽略。

Scintillators are materials which can be used to detect highly ionizing radiation, because they efficiently convert the energy of this radiation into light.

闪烁晶体因能够有效地把辐射能转换为光能而被用作探测高强度电离辐射的材料。

A unit of radiation exposure ; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit

射线强度单位；在立方厘米干燥空气中产生静电单位的电流的致电离辐射量。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。