电离

It is included the energy spectrum and angular distribution of hot electrons generated by ultrashort laser-solid interaction, the effect to electron behavior of electrical conductivity of target material, the hot electron activities and plasma characteristics in various plasma scale length, the rule of electron movement related to the high harmonic generation in gas, the excelled calculation about the condition of high harmonic generation, the study of electron spectrum and ion spectrum generated by Coulomb explosion in laser cluster interaction.

其中包括超短脉冲激光与固体靶作用中超热电子的能谱和角度分布，靶材料的电导率对电子行为的影响以及在不同的密度标长条件下超热电子和与电子相关的等离子体特征；超短脉冲激光与气体靶相互作用中与高次谐波相关的电子的具体运动规律和产生短波长高次谐波的优化条件；超短脉冲激光与团簇原子相互作用中通过对电子的隧道电离而引起的库仑爆炸等。

Most of the traditional BLM systems employ the long ionization chambers as BLM detectors.

传统的BLM系统，大多建立在长电缆电离室探测器的基础上。

The spectra structure of M-band and the ion distribution of laser-produced plasma is very important for the research on the inertial confinement fusion.

激光等离子体M带辐射光谱结构以及电离状态的研究是激光聚变研究领域中的重要内容，开展金M带谱细致结构研究有利于了解等离子体中物理过程的详细信息，正确地预测激光等离子体的电荷态分布对于理解高温等离子体中的辐射强弱，能量沉积和平衡至关重要。

Methods: Output factors of lead block fields were measured for four standard applicators under various electron beam energy.

用电离室法实测在各种能量下对四种限光筒的不同铅挡野的射野输出因子。

Other types of non-ionizing radiation include visible light, infrared radiation and other forms of electromagnetic radiation with relatively low frequencies.

其他的非电离电磁波还有阳光中的可见光和远红外线。

However, the experimental data of K shell ionization crosssections in low energies range are quite scare.

在原子物理、等离子体物理、辐射物理、化学分析等许多领域，均需要精确的K壳层电离截面实验数据。

Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the surface potential technique is an effective method for the observation of radiation ionizing effects on organic dielectrics.

理论分析和实验结果都表明表面电位测试技术是有机介质材料辐照电离效应的一种有效观测手段。

There are thermoluminescence-photoluminescence meter, high accuracy liquid scintillation counter, hot surface ionizing isotope mass-spectrometer, solid isotope mass-spectrometer, multichannel electro-inductance coupling plasma mass-spectrometer, inert gas mass-spectrometer and their corresponding laboratories.

现拥有热释光-光释光仪、高精度液体闪射记录仪、热表面电离同位素质谱仪、多通道电感耦合等离子质譜仪和惰性气体质譜仪等仪器及相应的年代学实验室。

The reaction characters and disciplinarians were summarized, which were described as self-chemical ionization reactions.

利用离子阱质谱的原理和特点，研究了小分子醇、醚、胺、醛、酮等有机化合物(分子量小于 2 0 0 )在离子阱里的分子离子反应，总结了反应特点和规律，并把它归类为自身化学电离反应。

It is important to combine epidemiology with radiobiology in study of low dose effects of ionizing radiation.

放射流行病学研究与放射生物学相结合对了解低剂量电离辐射对人类是否产生诱癌效应非常必要。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。