电离

The values obtained in thepresent study for the electron energy distribution function,drift velocity,ionizationcoefficient and attachment coefficient,etc.,are calculated and compared with theexperimental results reported in the literature,and the comparison is also carried outwith the values obtained from the two different types of fields.

应用Monte Carlo模拟法研究了氧气放电的电子参数，得到了在均匀电场中的电子能量分布、平均能量、漂移速度、电离系数、附着系数、迁移率及扩散系数随时间、电场强度的变化关系，并与文献上的实验结果进行了比较。

Drift electron mobility, the Hall factor and Hall mobility in GaN are calculated according to Mattiessen's rule as a function of temperature for carrier concentrations with the compensation ration as a parameter on the basis of taking into account the individual average scattering momentum relaxation time of four scattering mechanisms, namely, ionized impurity scattering, polar mode optical scattering, acoustic piezoelectric scattering and acoustic phonon deformation potential scattering which have an effect on electron mobility of GaN.

考虑了对纤锌矿型氮化镓低场电子输运影响最为显著的4种散射机制－电离杂质散射，极化光学波散射，声学波压电散射和声学声子形变势散射的单个平均动量驰豫时间，采用Mattiessen's rule计算了不同补偿率以及不同载流子浓度条件下，氮化镓电子漂移迁移率，霍耳因子以及霍耳迁移率随温度的变化。

In this thesis, we develop an ionization model of energy electron colliding with residual Ar gas.

本文结合各种文献和数据建立了Ar气在真空中的电子碰撞电离模型。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

It is characterized by that after the UV lamp is evacuated, its interior can be filled with inert gas, mercury vapour or metal halide vapour and mixture of the above-mentioned gases. Said light source can be used for implementing disinfection and sterilization of gas, liquid and solid, photochemical synthesis of chemical substance and UV etching and UV information erasion of electronic material and device.

该光源由微波激发灯体内的特定气体电离产生等离子体发出紫外线光，能够实施对气体、液体、固体的消毒、灭菌以及通过紫外线实施对化学物质的光化学合成和对电子材料和器件进行紫外刻蚀、紫外信息擦除等，该微波紫外光源具有无电极、无镇流器，功率大、启辉迅速、寿命长、能耗低、效率高等特点。

The non-relativistic energies and wave functions were determined by Rayleigh-Ritz method. The relativistic effects, including the correction to kinetic energy, the electron-electron contact term, and the orbit-orbit interaction, Darwin term, and mass-polarization effect on the energies were calculated by using first-order perturbation theory. In order to obtain a more accurate result for the larger Z system, the quantum-electrodynamics correction should be included. This correction to energy can be evaluated for the valence electron by using a hydrogenic formula with an effective nuclear charge, Z. The ionization potential, the excitation energies and the fine structure split-tings for a lithium-like ion with higher nuclear charge (Z=26) were calculated.

非相对论能量用Rayleigh-Ritz变分法确定，包括动能修正、电子—电子接触项、轨道—轨道相互作用项以及Darwin项的相对论修正和质量极化项由全实加关联波函数的一阶微扰给出，量子电动力学修正由有效核电荷方法和类氢公式计算；给出了较高核电荷(Z=26)类锂体系1s^2nl组态的电离能、激发能和1s^2np组态的精细结构劈裂。

In simple terms, the atomic or molecular electronic after the impact, will be excited to a higher energy state, even ionization.

简单来说，分子或原子受电子碰撞后，会被激发至较高的能态，甚至被电离。

The one-dimensional time-dependent Schrdinger equation was numerically solved with the symmetric splitting of the short-time exponential propagator and the fast Fourier transformation, and influence of intensity and pulse with on ionization of linear multi-ation molecular ion in two-color laser fields was researched.

利用短时指数传播子对称分割法和快速傅里叶变换技术，数值求解了一维含时Schrodinger方程，探讨了双色激光场中激光的基波和谐波强度之间的不同配比以及脉宽对线性多原子分子离子电离的影响。

First, the PVC toy is crushed up, taked up by the alkyl to crank out fathomable solution of the muster. Secondly, we adopt gas chromatogram. The detector is flame ionization detector. Finally, we use inner mark to confirm the quantity.

本文先将塑料样品进行粉碎、用正己烷溶剂抽提，然后采用气相色谱法，选用氢火焰电离检测器，采取程序升温进行检测，用内标法对其进行定量分析。

As an ionizing radiation it can cause chemical reactions, and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce .

作为电离辐射可引起化学反应，并导致许多物质发光或荧光。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。