电离

Devices intended to emit ionising radiation must be designed and manufactured in such a way as to ensure that, where practicable, the quantity, geometry and quality of radiation emitted can be varied and controlled taking into account the intended use.

11.5 电离辐射释放电离辐射的装置的设计及制造再可行时应基于装置的目的确保释放出辐射的数量。几何性质及质量可以被改变和控制。

The kinetic equation of polyesterification proposed by Tang is discussed from the view point of the medium effect on the ionization of weak acids, so that the ionization constant, Ke, of the reacting acid would not be a constant during the course of poly-condensation and consequently the 21/z order kinetic equation would not be valid.

从弱酸电离的介貭效应讨论了唐敖庆的聚酯反应动力学方程。由于在缩聚过程中介貭性貭的改变，反应体系中羧酸的电离常数K_e不可能维持恒定，因此二级半动力学方程不能确立。

Howard Orville publicly stated in 1958 that the intent was "to manipulate the charges of the earth and sky and so affect the weather through electronic beams to ionize and de-ionize the atmosphere".

上尉霍华德奥维尔公开声明，在1958年的意图是&操纵的收费地球和天空等影响天气透过电子束，以电离和德-电离的气氛&。

Weak electrolyte ionization degrees can be approximately obtained by the conductivity ratio, namely:α= ma0, mam, and 0, m respectively, the molar electrolyte conductivity and limiting molar conductance (ie, fully ionized after a solution of the conductivity).

弱电解质的电离度可近似地由电导比求得，即：α＝ma0，mam和0，m分别为电解质的摩尔电导和极限摩尔电导（即完全 a电离后溶液的电导）。

With increasment ofE/N,electron average energy and probabilities of electric excitation,dissociation,ionization,dissociative ionization collisions are increased.

随着E/N的升高，电子平均能量升高，发生激发、离化、电离和离化电离碰撞的概率增大；非均匀分布的电场使分子获得更高的离化率，同时显著增强出射电子的能量。

In order to measure the radiation dosimetry by heavy ions which entered the Shen-Zhou shuttles, a solid state nuclear track detector CR-39 was installed in the inner wall of SZ recoverers.

为了测量在神舟飞船返回舱内由空间重电离粒子引起的辐射剂量，采用了固体核径迹探测器CR39来测量飞船飞行期间，返回舱内由重电离粒子引起的能量沉积。

A magnetic source and condenser for protecting a pipe, ionizing any fluid flowing therein, and ionizing any dissolved and suspended solids in such fluid, comprising:a magnetic source including a magnet having a pair of opposed planar major faces and a planar minor face extending between said major faces and perpendicular to said major faces,said magnet being charged so that one of said major faces is a south pole and the other of said major faces is a north pole,a magnetic condenser a pair of pole pieces, each of said pole pieces having a pair of opposed planar major faces, one of which is an inner major face and the other of which is an outer major face, the area of said inner major faces being equal to that of the major faces of said magnet, the area of said outer major face being larger than each of said major faces of said magnet,said pole pieces being positioned on opposite sides of said magnet such that said pole pieces sandwich said magnet, said inner major face of each pole piece is contiguous with and completely covers an entire major face of said magnet, and said outer major face of each pole piece faces away from said magnet,each pole piece having an integral foot extending perpendicularly to said inner major face of each pole piece such that said pole pieces have two respective integral feet which extend toward each other and are substantially coplanar, each foot having a distal and a proximal surface with respect to said magnet, each foot having an end which is spaced from the end of the opposite foot,said distal surface of each foot having a predetermined concave curvature which will conformingly mate with an outside surface of a pipe having a predetermined convex curvature,said proximal surface of each foot being contiguous with said minor face of said magnet

我要求： 1。一台磁性来源和冷凝器为保护管子，电离任何流体流动在其中，和电离任何被溶化的和暂停的固体在这样的流体里，包括：一个磁性来源包括磁铁有一对被反对的平面主要面孔和一张平面较小面孔延伸在前述主要面孔和垂线之间对前述主要面孔，前述磁铁被充电以便前述主要面孔的当中一个是南极并且其他前述主要面孔是北极，一台磁性冷凝器每对杆片断，每个前述杆片断有一对被反对的平面主要面孔，其中之一比每个是是一张外面主要面孔的一张内在主要面孔和其他，前述内在主要面孔区域是相等的与那前述磁铁，前述外面主要面孔区域的主要面孔大的前述磁铁的前述主要面孔，前述杆片断被安置在前述磁铁的反面这样，前述杆片断三明治认为磁铁，各个杆片断的前述内在主要面孔是接触的与和完全地包括前述磁铁的一张整个主要面孔，和各个杆片断面孔的前述外面主要面孔从前述磁铁，各个杆片断有一只缺一不可的脚垂直地延伸对各个杆片断的前述内在主要面孔这样，前述杆片断有延伸往彼此和极大地coplanar 的二各自缺一不可的英尺，各只脚有末端和接近表面谈到前述磁铁，各只脚有被间隔从相反脚的末端的末端，各只脚前述末端表面有与管子一个外表面conformingly 将联接有被预先决定的凸面曲度的被预先决定的凹面曲度，各只脚前述接近表面是接触的与前述磁铁的前述较小面孔

Mass Analyzed Threshold Ionization Spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studies of molecular ions and offers a very high resolution. MATI has become one of the major methods for obtaining information about the ionic states of the molecules as well as radicals, complexes and clusters.

对于分子电离后的离子态产物可以用质量分辨的阈值电离光谱来进行研究，它具有很高的分辨率，是研究离子态的一种有效手段。

In chapter four, the REMPI-TOF-MS of Carbon disulfide is investigated in the range of 283-289nm.

第四章主要报道了二硫化碳分子在283-289nm波长范围内的共振增强多光子电离-解离过程的实验研究结果和分析结果，主要内容有：(1)实验测定了二硫化碳分子的共振增强多光子电离的TOF质一谱和分质量的REMpl谱。

The mechanism of multiple-ionization is analyzed. The highly charged recoil ions come mainly from the Auger effect. The electron-electron interaction comes in to effect as the incident energy increases.

对多重电离的电离机制分析表明：高价态的反冲离子主要来自于俄歇贡献；随着入射能量的升高，电子-电子间的库仑作用也逐渐显现。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。