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The polarization fatigue mechanism and the effect of donor doping Bi〓 on ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films are also revealed. The system of zirconium oxynitrate—tetrabutyl titanate—lead acetate anhydrate—ethylene glycol is adopted to prepare stable PZT sol.

本文采用X射线衍射分析、X射线光电子谱分析、透射电镜、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析以及铁电性能测试等研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备PZT铁电薄膜的成胶机理及PZT铁电薄膜的微结构、界面结构及铁电性能，并考察了施主掺杂Bi〓对薄膜铁电性能的影响规律，提出了铁电极化疲劳机制。

The orientation and distortion of anionic coordination-polyhedra in piezoelectric and ferroelectric crystals are studied in this article.

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变，提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的。

The work is meaningful to the better understanding of arcing process of electric apparatus.

研究成果不仅能推进电孤理论和电接触理论的发展，在提高电器和分离电接触元件的工作寿命和工作可靠性领域，也具有广泛的应用前景。

Effect of cathodic surface modification on oxygen electroreduction and application of the process to electrosynthesis of organic compounds and waste water treatment are idscussed in detail.

本文综述了氧阴极电还原的研究进展，着重介绍了阴极表面修饰对该过程的影响以及氧阴极电还原在有机物电合成与废水处理方面的研究进展。

Based on the externally breaking stone with impact wave and the theory of pulsative oscillation jet nozzle,the electric-hydraulic pulse method can be used to clean the scale deposit on the internal surface of pipe of the gathering pipeline in oilfield.

在油田集输管网清垢中，电液压脉冲技术的应用是以电液压脉冲技术体外冲击波碎石的实践和先进的振荡脉冲射流喷嘴理论为基础，利用电液压脉冲清除管道内表面垢层。

METHODS According to In-ternational Society for Clinical Visual Electrophysiology's standard program,we recorded the scotopic electroretino-graph,oscillatory potentials,photopic electroretinographand30Hz flicker response in diabetic rats for2weeks,by using REPIport system,Ag-AgCl corneal contact electrode and stainless steel needle elec┐trode.

按照国际临床视觉电生理学会的标准化方案，采用REPIport系统和银-氯化银角膜电极以及不锈钢针状电极对链脲霉素诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型进行2wk的暗适应视网膜电图、振荡电位、明适应视网膜电图和30Hz闪烁反应记录（30Hz flicker）。

The simulation results also demonstrate the hole transport properties in unstrained and strained bulk silicon material, which will be shown in the next chapter. In chapter 4, a Monte Carlo method including a realistic valence band structure is developed to simulate hole transport properties.

在第四章中，根据前两章所得到的价电带结构，使用蒙地卡罗方法来模拟电洞的传输，其两种模型对电洞传输特性的影响可以由模拟结果得知。

The permittivities of N, N-dimethylformamide, water (H2O), and DMF-H2O mixture solution were measured by a resonant cavity perturbation method at 2.45 GHz and 288, 298, and 313 K. The measured results showed a specific phenomenon wherein the imaginary part of the solution's permittivity was larger than that of each of the components.

在288、298和313K三个温度和2.45GHz频率下利用微扰谐振腔法测量N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、水(H2O)及其混合溶液的等效介电常数过程中，发现了混合溶液介电损耗虚部大于其中任一组分的介电损耗虚部的特异现象。

In the light of hysteresis, creep and nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators, two control methods are presented. One is PID feedback control with BP neural network modeling in feedforward loop. Another is Fuzzy-PI sectionalized multimodal control. They are used for highspeed and precise position control of models driven by piezoelectric actuators.

针对压电陶瓷存在迟滞、蠕变和位移非线性等不足，提出了两种压电陶瓷微位移驱动器的位置闭环控制方法：带有BP神经网络前馈模型的PID控制方法和Fuzzy—PI多模态分段控制方法，实现了压电陶瓷微位移驱动器快速、高精度的位置控制。

When the elution was done with buffer of low salt concentration, the contribution of electroosmotic flux to the mass transfer became significant.

当采用高盐浓度洗脱溶液时，电渗的影响作用很小，电迁移改变了停留时间，因此可以通过选择适宜的电场方向来提高分离精度；当采用低盐浓度洗脱液时，电渗有效地促进了洗脱液与介质颗粒间的传质，提高了洗脱效果。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。