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4The electrical double layer model, joining with the microstructure of CFRC,fractal electrical emission, electrothermal effect, thermoelectrical effect and electrical osmosis are used to analyze the mechanism of mechanoelectric effect and electromechanical effect of CFRC.

采用正交试验方法研究了不同配比分散剂对碳纤维在水泥基体中分散性的影响，得到了较佳分散剂配比，探讨了分散剂的作用机理和碳纤维长度分布规律；（2）研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料中纤维掺量、水灰比、电极形式、载荷形式等对力电效应的影响，考察了CFRC力电效应的两种表现形式及在机敏混凝土结构上的应用；（3）研究了CFRC立方试块、CFRC梁和不含导电填料梁的电力效应，分析了电流大小、电流方向等与电致变形的关系；（4）根据界面电偶层模型，结合CFRC的微观结构，以及断裂电发射、电热效应、热电效应和电渗效应等分析了CFRC力电、电力效应的机理，阐明碳纤维的作用机制。

Abasic review on dielectric nonlinearity and electric tunable mechanism wasperformed in view of thermodynamics, ferroelectric domain, polar nanoregion,field induced phase transition, grain boundary layer and AC dielectricnonlinearity. The dielectric nonlinearity phenomena in barium stannate titanateceramics were studied and the field dependences of dielectric constant and losstangent were showed.

关于低温介电弛豫行为与极性微区关系的讨论涉及到了弛豫铁电体与扩散相变铁电体之间的相容关系，作者认为所有的扩散相变铁电体都应该是弛豫铁电体或潜在的弛豫铁电体，它们的区别仅在于能够观测到介电弛豫现象的测试频率范围不同。

It is found that the indirect electroreduction of maleic acid to butane diacid was achieved by Ti~/Ti~ redox system on the nanocrystalline TiO2 film surface, the electrode reaction mechanism is the called catalytic mechanism.

其中TiO_2/Ti_2O_3电对对马来酸具有异相电催化还原活性，纳米TiO_2膜中的Ti~/Ti~氧化还原电对作为媒质间接电还原马来酸为丁二酸，反应机理为电化学偶联随后化学催化反应机理。

FBG sensing technology and its recent progress in applications isintroduced systematically;the coupled-mode theory and the sensing principleof FBG are expatiated and the Bragg formula and reflectivity formula arededuced;the work principle, variety and essential characteristic of PZT areexpatiated in detail, and the configuration of PZT parts of an apparatus issummarized. The mechanism of piezoelectric electrostriction is analyzeddeeply, and the normalized control model is introduced aiming at analyzinghysteresis characteristic, and an electrical polarization intensity control methodbased on the aforementioned model which can effectively reduce the hysteresischaracteristic is discussed.

论文系统地介绍了光纤光栅传感技术及其应用的研究进展状况；详细地阐述了光纤光栅的耦合模理论及光纤布喇格光栅的传感机理；推导出了光纤布喇格光栅的布喇格公式和反射率公式；详细地阐述了压电陶瓷的工作原理、种类和基本特性，总结了压电陶瓷器件的结构形式，深入地分析研究了压电陶瓷逆压电效应及电致伸缩机理，并针对其迟滞特性给出了压电陶瓷归一化控制模型，在此模型基础上采用电极化强度控制方法有效地降低了压电陶瓷的迟滞特性。

The former shifts equatorward when AE increases, just as the auroral oval does; the latter is divided into two sections: the midnight section shifts poleward when AE increases, while the morning section shifts equatorward.

在亚暴膨胀相，随着AE指数增大，整个极光卵向赤道扩展，而极光电集流带却表现出分段差异的特点：下午—黄昏东向电集流带向低纬移动，晨侧西向电集流带也向赤道移动，而子夜—凌晨西向电集流带则向极移动。

A series of experiments were done to substantiate the feasibility of the different piezoelectric cochlea implants in vitro and in vivo . The unpoled ceramic had no piezoelectric characteristic and no ability to decrease the threshold, while the poled ceramic had obvious piezoelectric effect to recover the hearing. Based on these results, it can be affirmed that the piezoelectric cochlea implant can activate the nerve and decrease the threshold.

本研究通过未极化与极化的高灵敏性压电陶瓷的对比，从体外模拟实验中的声电响应曲线和动物体内植入实验的结果中得到：未极化的压电陶瓷没有压电响应，而极化后的压电陶瓷能够将声音信号转化为电信号，证实了压电陶瓷的压电特性的确可以刺激动物的听神经，从而降低听阈阈值。

A series of experiments were done to substantiate the feasibility of the different piezoelectric cochlea implants in vitro and in vivo. The unpoled ceramic had no piezoelectric characteristic and no ability to decrease the threshold, while the poled ceramic had obvious piezoelectric effect to rec

本研究通过未极化与极化的高灵敏性压电陶瓷的对比，从体外模拟实验中的声电响应曲线和动物体内植入实验的结果中得到：未极化的压电陶瓷没有压电响应，而极化后的压电陶瓷能够将声音信号转化为电信号，证实了压电陶瓷的压电特性的确可以刺激动物的听神经，从而降低听阈阈值。

A miniature motor 1 includes: a motor case 2; a gear case 5 connected to the motor case 2, for pivotally supporting an output shaft 15; a brush holder 30, 30 ' for holding a brush 17 and attached to the gear case 5; and a brush holder attaching portion 7, 7 ', which is formed into a recess-shape, into which the brush holder is press-fitted in the axial direction of the output shaft, the brush holder attaching portion being formed integrally with the gear case.

本发明公开了一种微型马达(1)，包括：马达壳体(2)；连接到马达壳体(2)上的齿轮箱(5)，用于可枢转地支撑输出轴(15)；电刷托架(30、30′)，用于保持电刷(17)并安装到齿轮箱(5)上；以及电刷托架安装部分(7、7′)，该安装部分形成为凹陷形状，电刷托架沿着输出轴的轴向压配合到该安装部分内，电刷托架安装部分与齿轮箱一体地形成。

The three control systems respectively were as follows:(1) The measuring part of the first one was displacement piezoelectric sensor. A pair of piezoelectric sensor/actuator was collocated by each side of the first solar array plate. The compensator was H = 2395-s;(2) The measuring part of the second one was also displacement piezoelectric sensor.A pair of piezoelectric sensor/actuator was collocated by each side of the whole solarfan.Tthe compensator was H = 244s;(3) The measuring part of the third one was velocity piezoelectric sensor.A pair of piezoelectric sensor/actuator was collocated by each side of the three solars array plates near to the body of satellite.

三种控制系统分别是：(1)、采用压电位移传感器，压电传感器／驱动器对同位布置于内板的边缘，控制器补偿函数为H=2395s~(1／2)；(2)采用压电位移传感器，压电传感器／驱动器对同位布置于整个太阳帆板的边缘，这是一种理想的情况，控制器补偿函数为H=244s~(1／2)；(3)采用压电速率传感器，压电传感器／驱动器对同位布置于靠近星体的三块基板边缘，控制器补偿函数为H=2370s~(1／2)。

Methods 352 cases with chronic cervicitis and old cervical laceration were treated by radio knife.

目的 探讨电刀电切整形术在治疗宫颈陈旧性裂伤伴慢性宫颈炎中的疗效方法采用电刀电切宫颈陈旧性裂伤伴宫颈炎性增生组织。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐