电流

The properties of TCC with ATS were as good as the TCC with HTS, better that the requirement of standard GB8744-88 for semi-graphitic carbon block. As good as TCC with HTS in industrial cells, the TCC with ATS also reduces the sodium penetration to cathodic lining, no tear-off of the coating was found after starting up of the cells. As compared with reference cells, the operation of coating cells with ATS was also improved to keep good shape of cell chamber, reduce the formation of sludge on the cell bottom, and gain more uniform current distribution. The ohmic drop of TCC cell bottom was lessened by 11. 5mV. The current efficiency was increased by about 1. 48% in average. It was estimated that the TCC life could be 44 months. Obviously, the TCC with ATS could also improve the performance of industrial cells, save energy, and increase the cell life.

对常温固化涂层槽的考核表明，与高温固化涂层槽一样，阴极内衬对钠的吸收减少，钠渗透速度减缓，从而减小钠膨胀危害，减少了铝电解槽早期破损的几率；启动后，常温固化涂层不脱落，同样具有良好的粘接性能；与对比槽相比较，常温固化涂层槽正常生产后，阴极表面干净、光洁，无沉淀或结壳，炉膛规整，阴极、阳极电流分布均匀，炉底压降降低（平均降低11.5mV），电流效率提高（平均提高1.48％）；涂层在电解槽内存在的时间可达到44个月以上；常温固化涂层同样可以起到改善电解槽工作状态、节能降耗、延长槽寿命的作用。

The properties of TCC with ATS were as good as the TCC with HTS, better that the requirement of standard GB8744-88 for semi-graphitic carbon block.AbstractAs good as TCC with HTS in industrial cells, the TCC with ATS also reduces the sodium penetration to cathodic lining, no tear-off of the coating was found after starting up of the cells.As compared with reference cells, the operation of coating cells with ATS was also improved to keep good shape of cell chamber, reduce the formation of sludge on the cell bottom, and gain more uniform current distribution. The ohmic drop of TCC cell bottom was lessened by ll.SmV. The current efficiency was increased by about 1 .48% in average. It was estimated that the TCC life could be 44 months.Obvi

对常温固化涂层槽的考核表明，与高温固化涂层槽一样，阴极内衬对钠的吸收减少，钠渗透速度减缓，从而减小钠膨胀危害，减少了博士学位论文摘要铝电解槽早期破损的几率；启动后，常温固化涂层不脱落，同样具有良好的粘接性能；与对比槽相比较，常温固化涂层槽正常生产后，阴极表面干净、光洁，无沉淀或结壳，炉膛规整，阴极、阳极电流分布均匀，炉底压降降低(平均降低11.smv)，电流效率提高(平均提高1.48%)；涂层在电解槽内存在的时间可达到44个月以上；常温固化涂层同样可以起到改善电解槽工作状态、节能降耗、延长槽寿命的作用。

The telegraph equation is first deduced when people studied the changing law between the voltage and current in the telegraph wire.

电报方程最初是在研究电报线上电压电流的变化规律时推导出来的，它表征均匀传输线上电压电流的关系，故该方程也称为传输线方程。

This staggered path configuration defines an elongated, tortuous path having a length greater than a height of the stack for eddy currents through the lamination stack, to increase impedance of an eddy current path therethrough.

此曲折路径的构形形成一条细长的曲折路径，对于通过该叠层片的叠放体的涡漩电流来说，其长度比叠放体的高度要长，从而提高了从中通过的涡漩电流的阻抗。

The difference of the structure, which influenced the light emission of porous, was the result of the competition between diffusion current and thermion current.

这主要是由于扩散电流和热电离电流的竞争，造成多孔硅形貌的多样性和孔隙度的变化。

Based on the thermionic field-diffusion model,new analytical expressions for the terminal currents are proposed.

在此基础上，探讨了对E-B结耗尽层基区侧复合电流各不同考虑情况下的HBT电流计算结果的差异程度。

4The electrical double layer model, joining with the microstructure of CFRC,fractal electrical emission, electrothermal effect, thermoelectrical effect and electrical osmosis are used to analyze the mechanism of mechanoelectric effect and electromechanical effect of CFRC.

采用正交试验方法研究了不同配比分散剂对碳纤维在水泥基体中分散性的影响，得到了较佳分散剂配比，探讨了分散剂的作用机理和碳纤维长度分布规律；（2）研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料中纤维掺量、水灰比、电极形式、载荷形式等对力电效应的影响，考察了CFRC力电效应的两种表现形式及在机敏混凝土结构上的应用；（3）研究了CFRC立方试块、CFRC梁和不含导电填料梁的电力效应，分析了电流大小、电流方向等与电致变形的关系；（4）根据界面电偶层模型，结合CFRC的微观结构，以及断裂电发射、电热效应、热电效应和电渗效应等分析了CFRC力电、电力效应的机理，阐明碳纤维的作用机制。

The three valued logic modulation technique is usually used in the conventional current source PWM rectifier, and the SPWM control waveform can be obtained by the interphase decoupling.

传统的电流型PWM整流器一般采用三值逻辑SPWM调制技术，通过相间解耦预处理的方法获得实际PWM控制波形，过程复杂且直流电流利用率较低。

The composition voltage, the electric current double closed loop voltage-stabilized source, used the integrated phase shifting crystal thyratron module to do for the electrical energy transformation component, in detail has calculated the rectification main circuit main component parameter; In the pulse-duration modulation part, used the special-purpose integrated circuit to realize the frequency modulation to adjust the pressure, did take IGBT as the power transformation component, realized the output voltage frequency modulation to adjust the pressure, and has calculated the related parameter.

在调压稳压电压源设计中采用二阶工程设计法设计了电压和电流调节器，组成电压、电流双闭环稳压电源，采用集成移相晶闸管模块做为电能变换器件，详细计算了整流主电路主要器件的参数；在脉宽调制部分，采用专用集成电路实现了调频调压，以 IGBT 做为功率变换器件，实现了输出电压的调频调压，并计算了有关参数。

Thus the pulse parameters were determined based on examination of the microstructure, grain size, hardness and tensile strength of the deposits obtained at different average current densities with constant pulse-on time (ton =2 ms) and pulse-off time (toff= 45 ms).

结果表明，在恒定脉冲模式下(脉冲导通时间2ms，脉冲断开时间45ms)，镀层晶粒尺寸随电流密度的上升而明显下降，硬度与强度则显著上升，当电流密度超过8A/dm2时，抗拉强度开始急剧下降而硬度保持6kN/mm2的高位基本不变，当超过12A/dm2时，硬度也开始下降。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。