电极的

This paper is made up of 6 chapters; chapter 1 summarizes the interaction of low molecular weight compounds with DNA; chapter 2 to 6 focus on the electrochemical studies of some organic dyes such as pyronine B, phenosafranine, brilliant cresyl blue, crystal violet, neutral red etc. and their interaction with DNA, respectively. Different electrochemical methods such as linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectrophotometric method are applied to the investigation.

论文由6章组成，第1章综述了小分子和DNA的相互作用；第2至6章分别筛选了吡啰红B、酚藏花红、灿烂甲酚蓝、结晶紫和中性红等小分子染料，以汞电极如静汞电极、滴汞电极作为工作电极，采用循环伏安法、线扫极谱法等电化学手段，结合紫外-可见分光光度法，研究了它们的电化学行为以及和DNA的相互作用。

Furthermore, since no slit is formed in the first 13 and second 14 cylindrical electrodes, it is possible to avoid distortion of electrodes that is caused when slits are formed in the electrodes, as well as distortion of an electron lens due to the distortion of the electrodes.

而且，电极(13)和电极(14)上没有形成狭缝，故能防止在电极上形成狭缝时，产生的电极变形以及由此所引起的电子透镜的畸变。

In the above described configuration, the common electrode 9a and the pixel electrodes 7a are opposite each other through the interelectrode insulating film 8, and the holding capacitance 60 is formed using the interelectrode insulating film 8 as a dielectric film.

在如此地进行了构成的状态下，共用电极9a与像素电极7a通过电极间绝缘膜8而相对向，形成以电极间绝缘膜8作为电介质膜的保持电容60。

We studied trivalence chromium ion electrode reaction on three different surface state by cyclic voltammetry, discussed electrode activation influence on electrode reaction, and analysed the mechanism of electrode reaction. We discussed current efficiency during the first charge process and charge/discharge cycle performance by invariable current charge method.

应用循环伏安法考察了三价铬离子在三种不同表面状态石墨电极上的电极反应，探讨了电极表面活化处理对三价铬离子的电极反应的影响，并分析了电极反应的机理；采用恒电流充电的方法探讨铬液流电池初次充电过程的电流效率及恒电流充/放电循环的性能。

For different surface roughness of electrodes and glycol concentration of glycol/water mixture, pressurized water breakdown experiments are carried out. Experimental results suggest that Mirza's formula is valid and independent of surface roughness and glycol concentration, and it is accumulative for surface polish, glycol additive, and pressurization for the capability to improve electrical breakdown strength. Moreover, the increase of electrical breakdown strength of water dielectric for surface polish is explained with bubble breakdown. Especially, highest stress of 235.5kV/cm observed in glycol/water mixture with a glycol concentration of 80% at a hydrostatic pressure of 12atm is about one time greater than that in pure water at constant pressure.

通过改变电极表面光滑程度和乙二醇浓度，分别进行了加压水介质击穿实验，证实了不同电极表面光滑程度和乙二醇浓度下Mirza关系式仍成立，抛光电极表面、添加乙二醇与加压在提高水介质电击穿能力方面具有可叠加性，将抛光电极表面、添加乙二醇与加压分别进行了比较，特别，在静压12atm、乙二醇浓度80%下，得到实测最高击穿场强为235.5kV/cm，其有效时间归一化后的击穿场强比常压下纯水的相应值提高了112.2%，运用气泡击穿模型对抛光提高水介质击穿场强进行了物理解释。

Furthermore, the bonding pressure and welding power have a great effect on the ultrasonic wire bonding rates between the down-lead wire and the CZT contact electrode after the electrode layer preparation technology of CZT wafer is fixed on.

此外，CZT接触电极制备工艺和楔入压力都是影响CZT接触电极与引线超声波焊接质量的主要因素，当CZT接触电极制备工艺确定后，楔入压力成为影响CZT接触电极与引线超声波焊接质量的主要因素，焊接功率则为次要因素。

At Hcy/Au electrode, there were electrocatalytic responses of DA and E with ΔEp 57.5mV and 63.5mV, respectively. The standard rate constants k〓 were calculated as 2.1×10〓 cm s〓 and 1.6×10〓 cm s〓 corresponding to DA and E. The electron transfer number n〓=1 was achieved, which revealed that the 2e transfer of DA and E is not completed by one step at the electrode. Because AA also displayed electrocatalytic behavior at Hcy/Au electrode, DA and E can be determined in presence of AA.At Hcy/Au electrode, a pair of very stable and well-defined redox waves of Mb were obtained.

在Hcy/Au电极上分别得到多巴胺、肾上腺素的一对可逆的氧化还原波，求出两者的电极反应速率常数分别为2.2×10〓cm s〓和1.6×10〓cm s〓，推导出在两者的电极反应过程中均存在一个自由基并且它的形成决定了整个电极反应的速度；由于抗坏血酸在此电极上也具有电催化响应，可以在抗坏血酸存在下对多巴胺和肾上腺素进行测定。

The parameters include waveguide width: 8μm, titanium film thickness:50~60nm, index change: 0.006, diffusion temperature: 1050 and diffusion time: 9~10 hours.Designed and produced a 2 X 2 coupler Optical switch and a 1 X 2 digital optical switch. The coupler optical switch was produced by AP reversal structure, with the main parameters such as total length of switch: 30mm, waveguides center distance: Hum, interaction length: 17mm, and at 17V with a crosstalk of -18dB. The digital optical switch was produced by asymmetry electrode Y branch structure. The main parameters of this switch such as switch length: 25mm, the angle of Y branch: 0=0.1? center distance at branch end: 30μm, the center distance of electrons: 12μm, and at 27V with a crosstalk of 18dB.

设计并制作了2×2耦合型光开关和1×2数字开关，其中耦合型开关主要采用的反转Δβ定向耦合器开关，开关长度约30mm，波导宽度8μm，波导间距14μm，耦合区长度17mm，电极主要采用三电极结构，最终测得对TE模开关电压＜-15，消光比≈18dB；数字开关采用非对称电极Y分叉数子开关结构，利用BPM软件模拟了其开关特性并优化了器件参数，制作中采用的主要参数为：开关长度约25mm，Y分叉角θ=0.1°，Y分叉末端波导间距30μm，电极间距12μm，最终测得开关电压27V，消光比≈18dB。

Part II:A novel conductive composite film (MWCNTs-RuOx) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with ruthenium oxide was synthesized on glassy carbon electrode, gold and indium tin oxide, screen printed carbon electrode by potentiostatic methods.

第二部分的氧化钌-奈米碳管薄膜(MWCNTs-RuOx)是一种新的传导性复合薄膜，包含多层奈米碳管与钌氧化物，可藉由电位静力学法制备在玻璃碳电极、黄金电极、铟锡氧化物电极和网板碳电极上。

Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope revealed that ruthenium oxide particles incorporated onto the nafion polymer film. RuO/Nf/GCE film modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of dopamine and ascorbic acid.

本研究主要是使用循环伏安法使氧化钌稳定沉积在Nafion修饰电极上，形成氧化钌/Nafion 薄膜修饰电极，利用电化学石英晶体微天平观察其在电极上的成长情形，旋转环碟电极法则是用来研究其电催化反应，并用扫描式电子显微镜观察氧化钌结合在Nafion聚合薄膜上的表面现象。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。