电极化的

The approximate formula of polarization P and complex dielectric constant ε* are obtained.

建立了铁电液晶SmC*相介电特性的分子理论，求出在外加交变电场作用下液晶系统的自由能密度，得到极化强度〈P〉和复介电常数ε*的近似表达式。

The radial vibration of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and a metal thin circular ring are analyzed and their electro-mechanical equivalent circuits are obtained.

该换能器由一个厚度方向极化的压电陶瓷薄圆环及一个金属圆环组成。对压电陶瓷圆环和金属圆环的径向振动分别进行了分析，得到了各自机电等效电路。

Based on a new Dias model of electromagnetic responses, polarization and non-polarization apparent resistivities and phase curves are respectively calculated in a 3 layer model.

基于岩矿石激电响应的Dias，新模型，分别计算了3层模型的中间层在有极化与无极化2种情况下的视电阻率和相位曲线。

In order to enrich this technique,from the mechanisms of dielectric polarization and loss, several aspects about dielectrometry technique to detect moisture content in pressboard are researched in this thesis, including the dielectrometry theories and development of the moisture one-line measurement system.

本论文从绝缘材料的介电极化及介电损耗机理出发，就介电测量技术用于绝缘纸板中的微量水分测量所涉及的多方面理论基础及测量系统的开发方法进行了研究探索。

Then the nonlinear electric polarization due to torsion is analyzed and the problems of electric field in torsional effect of piezoelectrics are converted into the inner and outer boundary value problems of partial differential equations according to the equivalent principle of electric field.

总结了压电晶体内部非线性极化的形成规律，利用电场的等效原理将这种非线性极化激发的电场的求解问题转化为等效极化电荷体系的电场问题，并归纳成泊松方程的内边值问题和拉普拉斯方程的外边值问题。

A small planar antenna combined with a printed circuit board. First and second ground layers formed on top and bottom surfaces of the dielectric layer, respectively, corresponding to each other; and a first antenna unit which extends from a side of each of the respective first and the second ground layers, for radiating a first polarized wave with the application of current.

一种与印刷电路板组合的小型平面天线，在具有预定厚度的介电层的顶表面和底表面上形成相对应的第一和第二接地层，第一天线单元和第二天线单元分别以预定图形从第一和第二接地层的一侧伸出，分别通过施加电流来辐射正交的第一极化波和第二极化波。

The transverse Ising model with long-range interaction in a simple subic lattice is used to simulate a ferroelectric particle.

铁电颗粒的尺寸效应吴银忠摘要：应用具有长程相互作用的横场伊辛模型模拟了铁电颗粒，考察了尺寸和长程相互作用对铁电颗粒的极化和相变的影响。

The polarization fatigue mechanism and the effect of donor doping Bi〓 on ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films are also revealed. The system of zirconium oxynitrate—tetrabutyl titanate—lead acetate anhydrate—ethylene glycol is adopted to prepare stable PZT sol.

本文采用X射线衍射分析、X射线光电子谱分析、透射电镜、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析以及铁电性能测试等研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备PZT铁电薄膜的成胶机理及PZT铁电薄膜的微结构、界面结构及铁电性能，并考察了施主掺杂Bi〓对薄膜铁电性能的影响规律，提出了铁电极化疲劳机制。

In summary, various key experimental conditions in electron acoustic imaging of ferroelectric domains were systematically studied. The optimum experimental conditions to obtain EAI of domains with good quality and the factors important to image analysis have been presented. The piezoelectric vibrator model and calculation of motion equation are helpful for explaining the imaging mechanism and related experimental phenomena. The sample holder with variable electric field was designed. The domain movement of BaTiO〓 ceramics and crystal under lateral and longitudinal applied electric field and domain movement of PMN-PT crystal under longitudinal poling electric field were observed. The application of SEAM on revealing of ferroelastic domains, imaging of residual stress distribution in ceramics coatings and around the pores on the surface of ferroelectric ceramic composite have been reported respectively. All these works enriched the study of electron acoustic imaging and extended the application of SEAM in the characterization of materials.

综上所述，本文系统地研究了各项关键实验条件对电畴电声成像的影响，指出了获得最佳畴结构电声像的条件和成像分析中应当考虑的各种影响因素；提出了解释电畴电声成像的压电振子模型，在此基础上推导并求解了压电振子运动方程，并对一些实验现象作出了解释；成功地设计了可变电场的样品台，观察了BaTiO〓陶瓷和晶体在横向电场作用下的畴运动，PMN-PT晶体在纵向极化电场作用下的畴运动；探索了电声显微镜在铁弹畴成像，陶瓷涂层应力观察，陶瓷自然表面气孔周围应力成像的应用，这些研究，丰富了电声成像的学术内涵，拓展了电声显微镜的应用领域。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。