电弧作用

One is the research of the arc model...

一个是对电弧模型的研究，主要为磁场作用下空气中运动的电弧建立数学模型。

When τ's value was less than 0.1, the HCVAW arc was exhibitive of diffusedshape with lower energy density instinct; and when τ's value was higher than 0.5,the arc was a fine-constricted arc with higher energy density.

在电弧电流密度超过临界值时，电弧自生磁场对电弧产生的收缩作用超过了电弧中各种粒子的扩散作用，HCVAW电弧由此而发生了形态上的转变。

A non-linear reactance model and an electric principle diagram of power supply for the 90tCONSTEEL EAF at SISG are constructed,based on the data on-site gathered with the furnace,and thus a more rational power supply curve is worked out.

根据现场实测数据，确定韶钢90 tCONSTEEL电弧炉的非线性电抗模型和电气圆图，从而制定了较合理的供电曲线。文中着重讨论了建立电弧炉电抗模型的原则、方法及其对制定合理供电曲线的作用

Arc-glow plasma depositing technique is a new surface coating method. With the help of vacuum arc discharge, a cold cathode arc source continually emits ion beams of coating elements with high currency density and high ionizing ratio.Upon the ion bombard and diffusion work on, the surfaces of the parts form deposited layers, diffusion layers. In this study, a commercial magnesium alloy AZ91 was coated with Ti film layer.

加弧辉光离子渗镀技术将辉光放电与弧光放电有机地结合起来，利用辉光放电空心阴极效应使工件迅速升温，同时在真空容器壁上设置一个或多个金属阴极电弧靶源，利用真空电弧放电而不断地发射出高能量、高电流密度、高离化率的欲渗金属离子流，依靠扩散和离子轰击作用快速渗入工件表面层，在工件表面可以形成渗层、镀层、渗镀结合层。

Analytical results show that: Anode evaporation rate, which determines mostly the production rate of UFMP, is influenced by the many factors including electric parameters of arc, ambient conditions and material properties et al; Existence and increase of anode ejection can influence the production rate and property of UFMP; It is firstly found and investigated that surface connexity phenomenon of Al anode material. Analyses and calculation show that formation of anode spot and existence of self-magnetic field force play an important part in surface connexity process; Effects of cathode material on prepared UFMP is also experimentally studied and theoretically analysed. It shows that effect of the cathode is inconsiderable under the experimental conditions used in the study. At last, the experimental results found in part one are analysed and discussed in detail.

然后详细分析了电弧与电极间的相互作用过程，结果表明：决定超微粉产率的阳极材料蒸发率受许多因素影响，它主要与电弧电参量，环境条件及材料性质有关；阳极表面液滴喷溅的存在和加剧将严重地影响所制超微粉的产率和性质；首次发现和实验研究了Al阳极表面凸起现象，并对此现象进行了详细的理论分析和实际估算，认为阳极斑点的形成及自磁场作用力的存在在该过程中起着重用作用；实验研究和理论分析了阴极材料对所制超微粉的影响，认为在本文所用实验方法及条件下，阴极材料对粉的影响很小。

Influence of the magnetic field on the microstructure of AZ91 magnesium alloy;2. The results show that the current density, magnetic field intensity and electromagnetic force in melts are distributed nonuniformly to a great extent.

应用数值方法对直流电弧炉条件下的 Maxwell 方程进行了解析，结果表明，熔体中的电流密度、电磁场强度和电磁力的分布是非常不均匀的，电弧附近的钢水中的电流密度较其它区域高出 1～2 个数量级，电磁力较其它区域高出 2～3 个数量级，该区域的电磁力对熔体搅拌起着决定性的作用，预测了钢水的流形。

During the motion process, the stagnation and back commutation occur and worsen the performances of circuit breaker. According to the real interruption process, a three-dimensional(3-D) model of arc motion under the effect of external magnetic field is built based on magnetohydrodynamic, which can predict the restriking phenomena. With air vents opened to 60%, the restriking phenomena occur under 3mT magnetic field; when the magnetic field is increased to 5mT, the restriking phenomena disappears.

该文以磁流体动力学为基础建立了三维空气电弧等离子体在外部磁场作用下运动的数学模型，此模型可以预测电弧的重击穿现象，并发现当灭弧室的出口面积为60%时，电弧在3mT磁场的作用下运动时出现了重击穿现象，而当磁场增大到5mT时重击穿现象消失。

On the basis of experiment analyses we would got that, When arc met with chute, it was blocked and had a stagnation, this made hot gas flow incrase near the chute; After arc went into the chute, mental vapor from arc root would lower the dielectric strength near the chute, meanwhile, High value of arc voltage and the corase face of the chute made electric strength increase. These factors might give rise to local restriking near the chute, and made arc voltage drop suddenly.

总结实验结果并加以分析，本文提出了这样的观点：电弧进入栅片时，在入口处受阻后的停滞，会使该区域的热气流增加；进入栅片后，弧根蒸发的金属蒸汽、电弧热气流会降低栅片入口区域的介质强度；电弧被栅片分割后，电压急剧上升，再加上栅片表面的不均匀会使局部区域的电场强度显著增加，这些因素的综合作用会导致电弧在栅片入口附近发生局部重击穿，引起电弧电压电压跌落。

It can be concluded from the above experiment results that for the auxiliaryheated arc plasma generator, an area which has uniform temperature distribution andhigher temperature. In this area, the diameter of the key arc root increases and thiscondition is beneficial to reduce the cathode erosion. At the same time, it is animportant segment for the secondary arc to rotate on the cathode surface and to heatthe surface for the auxiliary heated arc plasma generator.

总结上面的实验结果可以看出：在辅助加热电弧等离子体发生器中，利用辅助电弧对阴极表面的加热作用，能够在阴极表面形成一个温度较高且分布均匀的区域；在温度较高的区域内，主弧弧根直径增大，这种情形有利于减小阴极烧损；同时，辅助电弧旋转加热阴极表面是辅助加热电弧等离子体发生器的一个重要环节。

Saddle shaped AMF can produce a radial expanding force, which has more effective effect on resisting the pinch effect of self-generated azimuthal magnetic field of arc current. This effect of saddle shaped AMF can keep vacuum arc in diffuse mode under much higher current. So the limiting current interruption capacity of vacuum interrupter can be enhanced.

为了进一步提高纵向磁场对真空电弧的控制作用，本文提出在真空灭弧室的触头间引入从触头中心向边缘逐渐增强的非均匀纵向磁场，马鞍形纵向磁场会对真空电弧产生一个径向扩张力，而纵向磁场分布的合理设计可以使这一扩张力进一步抑制真空电弧自生环向磁场对电弧的箍缩作用，从而使真空电弧在更大的电流时仍能保持在扩散态，使真空灭弧室的极限电流开断能力得以提高。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。