电弧

Meanwhile, as the growth of arc, the lost of arc heat quality becomes larger, so the heat quality which is used to fuse base metal and weld stick decreases, the weld width and weld reinforcement decreases comparatively.

同时，电弧增长后，电弧的热量损失加大，所以用来熔化母材和焊丝的热量减少，相对焊缝宽度和余高就略有减少。

Meanwhile, as the growth of arc, the lost of arc heat quality becomes larger, so the heat quality which is used to fuse base meta l and weld stick decreases, the weld width and weld reinforcement decreases comparatively.

同时，电弧增长后，电弧的热量损失加大，所以用来熔化母材和焊丝的热量减少，相对焊缝宽度和余高就略有减少。

Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod will return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat.

对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方15～20㎜处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（2～3㎜）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为3～4㎜，碱性焊条一般为2～3㎜为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为60～75 ；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45 ；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。

Secondly,the experimental equipment of electrical life of relay was developed and the arc erosion status of contact s of breaking the inductive load with the four circuits was researched by experiments.

论文首先构建了无保护电路和3种有保护电路模型并给出了电弧能量的计算公式；然后研发了继电器电寿命实验装置并通过实验研究了上述4种电路中继电器开断感性负载时触点的电弧侵蚀情况。

Firstly, the models of one unprotected circuit and three protected circuits were built and the formulas of arc energy for each circuit were given in this paper. Secondly, the experimental equipment of electrical life of relay was developed and the arc erosion status of contacts of breaking the inductive load with the four circuits was researched by experiments.

论文首先构建了无保护电路和3种有保护电路模型并给出了电弧能量的计算公式；然后研发了继电器电寿命实验装置并通过实验研究了上述4种电路中继电器开断感性负载时触点的电弧侵蚀情况。

Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc.

1.1.2.1平焊：选择合适的焊接工艺，焊条直径，焊接电流，焊接速度，焊接电弧长度等，通过焊接工艺验证；清理焊口：焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。

Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter, skil led welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc.

1.1.2.1平焊：选择合适的焊接工艺，焊条直径，焊接电流，焊接速度，焊接电弧长度等，通过焊接工艺验证；清理焊口：焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。

Especially, it pointed out that the design of modern steel-making electric arc furnace short net should base on three-phase balance, delta connection should be implemented inside the transformer, the section of conductor should be selected according to the density of economy electric current and the number of connected points of short net should be reduced.

围绕现代电弧炉供电及工艺方面的改进，提出短网设计与改造要点，特别指出：现代炼钢电弧炉短网的设计要以三相平衡为主，变压器的二次出线三角形封口要在变压器内实施，短网导体截面要按经济电流密度选取，以及尽量减少短网导体联接处。

Arc cutting;Arc welding;Arc welding cables;Arc-welding equipment;Blowpipes;Connectored joints;Construction requirements;Definition;Definitions;Degrees of protection;Dimensioning;Electric contact protection;Electrical engineering;Electrical safety;Environmental condition;Equipment;Feed;Feeder units;Feeding devices;Filler wire;MAG welding;Manual arc welding;Marking;MIG welding;Operating instructions;Performance requirements;Plasma arc cutting;Plasma-arc welding;Protection against electric shocks;Protective measures;Safety;Safety devices;Safety requirements;Specification;Temperature range;Test conditions;Testing;Testing conditions;Welding;Welding engineering;Welding equipment;Welding power supply;Wire guiding;Wires

中文标题电弧焊设备。第5部分：焊丝进料装置中文主题词弧切割；弧焊；电弧焊接电揽；电弧焊接设备；下流管；接头；施工要求；定义；保护程度；标注；电气接触保护；电气工程；电气保护；环境条件；设备；进料；进料单元；进料设备；填丝；MAG 焊接；手工电弧焊；做标记；MIG 焊接；操作说明；性能要求；等离子弧切割；等离子弧焊接；电击防护；保护措施；安全；安全仪；安全要求；规范；温度范围；试验条件；试验；焊接；焊接工程；焊接设备；焊接电源；线材指示；线

The experimental results show that the arc unstable processes have many unsuccessful choppings, i. e. arc extinctions and reignitions.

截流前电弧不稳定过程中存在许多不成功截断，即许多次熄弧和熄弧后恢复电压导致的电弧重燃。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。