电子脉冲

For a high laser intensity and small spot size, an electron may escape from the laser and can retain energy gain.We obtain analytical expresses of electron instantaneous momentum. Taking the plane wave of Gaussian laser for an example, we derive electron distribution function over instantaneous values of electron momentum and energy.

本文考虑电子初始温度不高(约100eV)以及脉冲长度很短(约4-6个激光波长)时，也能得到两群高能电子群；在脉冲长度极短(仅有2-3个激光波长)和电子初始温度不太高的情况下，就有明显的三群高能电子群出现，且如果激光功率密度大于5×10~(18)wcm~(-2)时，高能电子的温度也达到MeV。

For the plane wave of laser without pulse shape, we derive the express of electron trajectory by the relative Lorentz and energy equations. Note that the orbit of electron becomes a "fat-8" in the average rest frame. For the plane wave of Gaussian laser, we may know that, through relative Hamilton-Jacobi equation, electrons are accelerated in the front of pulse and decelerated backward. Whereas for the non-plane wave of Gaussian laser, we solve the Lorentz and energy equations by fourth order Runge-Kutta method.

对于无脉冲形状的激光平面波是从考虑了相对论效应的Lorentz方程和能量方程出发，得到了电子的运动轨迹方程表达式，在纵向平均速度参照系下该电子的轨迹呈现"8"字形；对于高斯型单色激光平面波是从相对论Hamilton-Jacobi方程出发，得到激光平面波在脉冲前沿加速电子而脉冲后沿减速电子，电子能量增益为零；而对于高斯型单色激光非平面波是从拉格朗日运动方程和能量方程出发，通过四阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解，得到电子在纵向有质动力、横向电场作用下加速电子，最后在强大的横向有质动力作用下从脉冲侧面散射出去，可以获得很大能量增益本文得到了相应的电子瞬时动量解析表达式。

For a relatively longer intense short-pulse laser, especially when local phase matching in the laser pulse between the ponderomotive force and the wake plasma oscillation occurs, there is strong electron acceleration in the laser-excited wake field and weak acceleration inside the laser pulse.

对于脉冲相对较长的短脉冲激光，尤其是在激光脉冲内等离子体尾波振荡和有质动力发生局域的相位匹配时，在激光激发的尾波场电子有很强的能量，这时在激光脉冲内电子的有质动力加速效率很低。

Uring an agonising legal battle which has raged since 1988, when the CIA paid nine of Cameron's Canadian victims $67,000 each, Canada's government has stonewalled hundreds of claims.

ARPA的终极目标是研制出一种飞行距离超过100米的&苍蝇特工&，通过电子脉冲遥控它的飞行方向，只要没有发出新的指令，&昆虫特工&就可以始终保持静止或者飞行状态。

And then to study the both structures' emission characteristic.It was found that the Al-AlN could emit electrons. The two different structures' emission efficiency has prodigious distinction. The first one whose electron emitter film is on the top was much easier to engender the straitens gaps. And it could engender the straitens gaps at larger area than the other one.

经过实验我们发现(1)对于发射层位于电极之上的结构观测到可测量的发射电流(2)当电子发射层位于电极之上，一排电子发射单元的总电阻介于20~150Ω之间时，电形成过程中，给电极间加脉冲电压，在第一个脉冲周期中就能把Al-AlN电子发射薄膜烧断；而对于电子发射层位于电极之下的结构，在电形成过程中，则需要几个脉冲周期之后才能将电子发射薄膜烧断。

HD-G1 combination of professional weight-loss equipment science and acupuncture meridians of Chinese medicine of physical medicine, application of modern computer technology, electronic pulses through the process control, simulated acupuncture massage acupuncture points, so that the body-related device dirty to produce physiological responses, effective mediation of biological computers and metabolism, increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the human body and completely adjust endocrine, improve the body metabolism, slow down the speed of glucose into fat, especially fat metabolism play a role in the decomposition will enable most of the three original fat acid glyceride hydrolysis into fatty acids and glycerol, and made to leave the fat cells, through a series of special decomposition pathway, the best carbon dioxide and water into energy is being consumed.

HD-G1专业减肥仪器结合了中医的经络学和针灸理疗学，应用现代电脑技术，通过程序控制电子脉冲，模拟针灸按摩穴位，让人体相关的器脏产生相应的生理反应，有效调解生物电脑和新陈代谢，增加人体内乳酸脱氢酶活力，彻底调整人体内分泌，改善人体新陈代谢，减缓葡萄糖转化成脂肪的速度，特别是对脂肪代谢的分解发挥作用，可使原有脂肪中绝大部分的三酸甘油脂水解成脂肪酸和甘油，并使之离开脂肪细胞，通过一系列特殊分解途径，最好转化为能量二氧化碳和水被消耗。

HD-M4 Body slimming instrument combines the study of Chinese medicine and acupuncture meridians of physical medicine, application of modern computer technology, electronic pulses through the process control, simulated acupuncture massage acupuncture points, so that the body-related device dirty to produce physiological responses, effective mediation of biological computer and metabolism, increasing lactate dehydrogenase activity in the human body and completely adjust endocrine, improve the body metabolism, slow down the speed of glucose into fat, especially fat metabolism play a role in the decomposition will enable most of the three original fat acid glyceride hydrolysis into fatty acids and glycerol, and made to leave the fat cells, through a series of special decomposition pathway, the best carbon dioxide and water into energy is being consumed.

HD-M4美体减肥仪器结合了中医的经络学和针灸理疗学，应用现代电脑技术，通过程序控制电子脉冲，模拟针灸按摩穴位，让人体相关的器脏产生相应的生理反应，有效调解生物电脑和新陈代谢，增加人体内乳酸脱氢酶活力，彻底调整人体内分泌，改善人体新陈代谢，减缓葡萄糖转化成脂肪的速度，特别是对脂肪代谢的分解发挥作用，可使原有脂肪中绝大部分的三酸甘油脂水解成脂肪酸和甘油，并使之离开脂肪细胞，通过一系列特殊分解途径，最好转化为能量二氧化碳和水被消耗。

Based on Stuart et al.'s electron density evolution equation, the electron density evolution process in fused silica film irradiated by short-pulse laser for τ∈[0.015] ps were studied by means of numerical method. The effects of initial electron density N and laser pulse width τ on laser threshold intensity I and damage threshold fluence. F were analyzed respectively.

基于STUART等人的电子密度演化方程，运用数值模拟方法，研究了脉宽为τ∈[0.01， 5]ps范围内单脉冲激光作用下熔融石英薄膜中电子密度演化过程；讨论了初始电子密度、激光脉冲宽度对阈值功率密度和阈值能量的影响；分析了初始电子密度、激光脉冲宽度对多光子离化及雪崩离化的影响。

Then, using pattern recognition software, the researchers taught the computer to convert the electrical-impulse tracings into written language.

然后，研究人员使用模式识别软件指导电脑将电子脉冲的踪迹转换为书面语。

It is included the energy spectrum and angular distribution of hot electrons generated by ultrashort laser-solid interaction, the effect to electron behavior of electrical conductivity of target material, the hot electron activities and plasma characteristics in various plasma scale length, the rule of electron movement related to the high harmonic generation in gas, the excelled calculation about the condition of high harmonic generation, the study of electron spectrum and ion spectrum generated by Coulomb explosion in laser cluster interaction.

其中包括超短脉冲激光与固体靶作用中超热电子的能谱和角度分布，靶材料的电导率对电子行为的影响以及在不同的密度标长条件下超热电子和与电子相关的等离子体特征；超短脉冲激光与气体靶相互作用中与高次谐波相关的电子的具体运动规律和产生短波长高次谐波的优化条件；超短脉冲激光与团簇原子相互作用中通过对电子的隧道电离而引起的库仑爆炸等。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。