电子偶

The six electrons which occupy this cloud are called the aromatic sextet.

这个云里的六个电子叫芳香六偶体。

The present paper is a criticism of the application of the monoatomic layer and simple dipote theory to thermionic emission.

本文对热电子发射中应用单原子层和偶极子理论作了分析和批判。我们认为：1。单原子层的存在不是无条件的，它与基底的温度、结构、纯度和外界真空度都有关系；2。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

The third-order optical nonlinearities and lime responses were measured by a phase conjugate forward, 3-dimensional degenerate, four-wave mixing technique. Comparing polymer's third-order NLO coefficient, it shows that the χsuperscript (3 value increasecs with the introduction of the azobenzol side-chain.

通过简并四波混频飞秒激光系统对各个接枝聚合物的三阶非线性极化率系数进行了测定，考察了偶氮侧链的引入对聚合物主链三阶非线性的影响，并考察了侧链上不同取代基的电子效应对主链三阶非线性的影响。

Unsuccessful results were observed in the Pd/C and PPh3 catalyst system due to phenyl boronic acid containing electron-withdrawing F atom.

在Pd/C及PPh3的催化体系下，由于反应物含有吸电子F原子的苯硼酸，没有观察到偶联反应的发生。

Some novel NLO copolyethers containing azo dyes as chromophoric side chains have been synthesized by a nuclophilic reaction of azo dyes with polyepichlorohydrin .

这类聚合物有的具有明显的液晶特性，设计合成具有推-拉电子结构的偶氮苯侧基可以表现出二阶NLO性质。

The controlled/living radical polymerization of methacrylates containing carbazolyl or 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl groups via RAFT polymerization was successfully demonstrated. Functional polymers poly, poly, poly, and poly with hole- or electron-transfer ability were synthesized with cumyl dithiobenzoate as a chain transfer agent and AIBN as an initiator in a benzene solution.

以合成的二硫代苯甲酸酯异丙苯酯为链转移剂、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，通过RAFT可控／活性自由基聚合方法成功地合成了侧链上悬垂空穴传输基团或电子传输基团(1，3，4-噁二唑基团)的光电功能聚合物：poly、poly和poly、poly。

In chapter four, the preperation of ytterbium diiodide was examined. The reductive cleavage of Se-Se bond and S-S bond induced by ytterbium diiodide was investigated. The reaction of diselenides and disulfides with allylic bromide promoted by ytterbium diiodide was also examined. The intermolecular Barbier-type reaction induced by ytterbium diiodide was studied. In the last section of this chapter, the intermolecular reductive coupling of nitriles with azides induced by samarium diiodide was investigated.

第四章，研究了二碘化镱的制备方法，以及二碘化镱作为一种优良的单电子转移试剂在有机合成中的应用：二硒醚的Se--Se键和二硫醚S-S键的还原断裂，及其在合成烯丙基硒醚，硒代酯和烯丙基硫醚，硫代酯中的应用，实验结果表明二碘化镱也能促进分子间的Barbier反应，而文献认为二碘化镱不能促进分子间的Barbier反应；最后研究了二碘化钐促进的叠氮化合物与腈的交叉还原偶联反应，一步高收率地制备脒的方法。

Comparative study of the properties of both ground and excited states of metal-free indoline dyes for dyesensitized solar cells revealed: as the number of rhodanine rings increases, the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO decreases and there is a red shift in the absorption spectrum with the binding energy increased, and the transition dipole moment decreased; Based on an analysis of cha...

对比研究吲哚染料的基态和激发态性质，揭示了随着绕丹宁环数目的增加，HOMO和LUMO的能量差减少，吸收光谱红移，但是束缚能增加，跃迁偶极矩减少；依据电荷差分密度，电荷和能量从苯乙烯转移到吲哚环和绕丹宁；电子空穴相干性主要表现在吲哚环和绕丹宁环，对于吲哚染料系统，存在一个绕丹宁环的体系的激子数目为30个原子，带有两个绕丹宁环的体系激子数目有40个原子。

At first it may seem rather strange to treat the chemistry of the halogens and the noble gases,two groups that represent the extremes of chemical activity and inertia ,in the same section .the superficial differences between the halogens and the noble gases are much reduced,however if we focus our attention on the comparison of halide ions(particularly F-) with the isoelectronic noble gas atoms and the noble gas compounds with halogen atoms or the halogens in their higher positive-oxdation states.

起初它可能看起来非常奇怪对待的卤素化学和惰性气体，两个团体代表在同1节的化学活性和惯性的极端。与卤素和惰性气体的表面差异大大减少，但是，假如偶们着眼于（非常是架F -等电子与惰性气体原子和原子与卤素或在卤素稀有气体化合物）卤离子的比较，我们的注意力较高的正- oxdation国家。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。