电子云

The stronger and more coordinate bonds between anionic phenolate groups and Fe ions in higher oxidation state prevented the dissociation of central ions.

这些基团的引入提高了中心金属Fe的价态，并增加了配体的电子云密度从而调节了Fe的氧化还原电位。

Both pyruvic acid and imino acid could adsorb on electrode surface.

通过UV图谱和电子云理论，定性地验证了液相中的加成反应。

Since HEMT has high-speed electron mobility, it can result in higher transconductance and improved high-frequency characteristics.

HEMT 最大的优点就是拥有高电荷密度的二维电子云及高速度的载子迁移率。

Computer-simulated results show that the introduction of acetylene bridge,which electron cloud is columned,reduced the space block between molecular functional groups.In the acetylene-bridged system,the functional groups can keep relatively free rotation,which resulted in that the conjugated electronic cloud are influenced,and then influenced on the properties of the compounds.

计算模拟结果证明，炔桥的引入降低了星状分子的核单元官能团和臂单元官能团之间的空间位阻，使得官能团可以比较自由的旋转，从而对核-臂之间的电子云共轭产生影响，继而影响到该系列化合物体系的各种性能。

However, electron-withdrawing groups that have conjugative effect in molecule can increase complex ability, sensitivity and selectivity of fluorone reagents. From the experiment, it is clear that microemulsion media have more excellent solubilization and sensitization than micelle and water media.

而具有吸电子效应和共轭效应的基团，可以改变显色剂分子的电子云分布，使分子的共轭程度增大，使反应官能团羟基质子较容易离去，增加了显色剂与金属离子的成络能力，从而提高了试剂的灵敏度和选择性。

Raman spectrum, UV-Vis spectra, IR, NIR and XPS spectra were used to characterize the material. The result indicates that there is a conjugative effect between MWNT and bromine, which induces the change of electron distribution on the MWNT surface. It increased the car- rier density and the electrical conductivity of MWNT became higher.

通过拉曼光谱，紫外可见光谱，红外吸收光谱，近红外吸收光谱和X光电子能谱等方法研究，结果表明：溴与多壁碳纳米管之间存在共轭作用，使多壁碳纳米管表面的电子云分布发生了变化，导致空穴载流子的产生，增加了载流子浓度，提高了多壁碳纳米管的导电性能。

Atomic parameter-artificial neural network method has been applied to study the regularities of the mutual solubility, the consolute temperatures, and the composition of monotectic points of molten salt-liquid metal systems.

应用原子参数（阴阳离子半径，价电子数，表征金属元素价电子云密度的参数）-人工神经网络方法研究了熔盐-液体金属系的互溶度，会溶温度及偏晶点成分的规律。

On the basis of intrapair and interpair correlation model, we have calculated the pair correlation energies of different kinds of systems, analyzed the changing rules of correlation energies of various electron pairs, and developed a reasonable and simple scheme called "Separating Large System into Smaller Ones". The basic idea of this scheme is that the correlation energy contributions of actual components in the ionic compound can be obtained using the correlation energy of ions with integer charge as the boundary conditions and incorporating the HF wave function or the distribution of electron cloud, then the total correlation energy of the system can be estimated by linearly summarizing the correlation contributions of these components.

在对内对间电子相关能理论模型的基础上，进行各类型化学键分子体系电子相关能的计算，分析电子对相关能的变化规律，建立合理的、&化整为零&的电子相关能简捷计算方案，其基本思想是对于离子键体系以整价离子的电子相关能为边界条件，通过HF波函数或电子云分布求得大体系中实际离子的电子相关能后，进行线性加和，即&化整为零、聚零为整&的思想。

Atoms are made from a nucleus of protons and neutrons and a cloud of electrons.

原子是由质子和中子组成的原子核与围绕原子核的电子云构成的。

The quantitative relationship between isomer shift, refractive index and chemical bond parameters were established. The calculated results indicated that the change of crystal parameters and bond length will alter the covalency of chemical bond and peripheral electron density of Fe2+ nuclear, which in turn leads to the change of the isomer shift and refractive index.

根据计算结果发现，晶胞参数及化学键长的变化引起化学键共价性、Fe2+核附近电子云密度的变化等，最终导致同质异能位移的改变，计算结果与实验数据之间较好的一致性验证了此理论的准确性和普适性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。