电子

A new series of short range donor acceptor systems consisting of anthracene and different substituted benzoic esters were synthesized.

设计合成了一类以蒽为电子给体，带不同吸电子取代基的苯为电子受体的新型短程有机电子给体受体体系。

With theincreasing of the strength of e-e interactions,the amplitude of CDW decreases slowlyto disappear at enough strong strength of e-e interactions and the system becomes astable SDW state.

随着电子—电子相互作用的增加，CDW缓慢减弱，电子—电子相互作用增大到一定强度时，CDW迅速消失，同时出现SDW态。

In this paper, after taking over coupling effect between electronic spin and orbital angular momentum, to revise the formula of electronic angular momentum in Bohr's theory, and electronic speed formula is obtained in a single-electron system, and to correct the energy level formula of atomic orbit in Schr? dinger's method by relativistic effect, the theoretical improving formula is built for spectrum fine splitting calculation, the calculated values are in good agreement with experimental ones, and reflect changing law of spectrum fine splitting values.

本文在考虑了电子的自旋角动量与轨道角动量的耦合作用后，通过对Bohr理论中的电子运动角动量的修改，推导出单电子体系的电子速度公式，结合对Schrdinger的原子轨道能级表达式相对论效应修正，从而得出本文的氢及类氢离子光谱精细结构值的理论计算公式，应用此改进公式，所得的计算值与实验观测值符合得很好，计算结果也反映了氢及类氢离子光谱精细结构数据变化的规律性。

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

This paper describes a simple practical Excel 2003 drawing method for electronic circuit diagram,including how to build circuit diagram tool bar ,how to establish document icon,custom-made elements tools,and how to finish circuit diagram drawing,which has in certain extent solved the problem of electronic circuit diagram drawing in the text input process,and thus raised the.

文中从如何创电子线路图工具栏、设置元件图标、定制元件工具、绘制电子线路图等方面，为读者介绍了一种简单实用的Excel 2003绘电子线路的方法，基本解决了非专业人员绘制电子线路图的难题，从而提高了工作效率。

The results of absorption spectra of chloroplasts showed that NO alleviated the effects of Cd on absorption spectra of chloroplast by raising the relative absorbance at 436 nm,480 nm and 470 nm,which caused lower contents of carotinoid and chlorophyll.

结果发现，Cd对叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量都有不同程度的降低，NO处理缓解了Cd的影响，使叶绿体室温吸收光谱的吸收率提高；Cd导致686 nm处峰偏移4 nm，峰值降低33%，734 nm处峰值降低23%，外源NO缓解了Cd对光合系统的影响，使得叶绿体低温荧光光谱在686和734 nm的峰值分别仅下降17%和10%；以DCPIP为人工电子受体， Cd处理的叶绿体中DCPIP还原速率较慢，光合电子传递(H2O→DCPIP)速率降低1.5倍，外源NO处理显著缓解了Cd对电子传递链的抑制，使其光合电子传递速率恢复到对照的水平。

To improve the current situation that research on sellers' attributes has not received enough attention in the field of E-commerce study, this paper analyzes the E-commerce transaction data of cellular phones with Self-Organizing Map and explores how the match between sellers' attributes and the commodities affect the prosperity of the transactions. The findings will help sellers and manufacturers understand the market status and their own advantages and disadvantages, and they can take measures to improve their production and operation.

针对电子商务研究中未充分重视卖方特点的研究现状，利用自组织映射神经网络方法，对手机电子商务交易状况进行聚类分析，研究电子商务卖方的自身特点与其销售商品之间的匹配程度对交易活跃程度的影响，有利于电子商务卖方及产品生产商了解市场状况及自身优劣，以便改进其生产及经营活动。

Merchant Profile: flowers as a gift of the leading express delivery services to provide online shop: in ceremony - China's Internet Florist, Shenzhen City in e-commerce network at the Company's wholly-owned by the Shenzhen Municipal Government approved the establishment of departments in charge of the e-commerce Enterprise; China Electronic Commerce Association and the Guangdong Electronic Association's corporate members; Chinese market is working committee of the Association credit to the "integrity of Chinese enterprises focus on research demonstration units" is under the Chinese Communist Youth League Central Committee designated the only wedding ceremony flowers Gift Shop .

商家简介：作为全国鲜花礼品快递提供领先服务的网上花店：中礼网-中国网络花店，是深圳市中礼网电子商务有限公司全资拥有的经深圳市政府主管部门批准成立的电子商务企业；是中国电子商务协会和广东省电子商务协会的团体会员；是中国市场协会信用工作委员会确定的"中国诚信企业重点调研示范单位"；是共青团中央下属中华婚礼大典指定的唯一鲜花礼品店。

This article analyses the main customization problem of existing products for populaces in China based on the diagnoses of products and requirement of popular electronic map, and brings forward a suit of ways and means to improve popular electronic map's customization by a lot of software interface. This article can be referenced by enterprise or confrere.

本文在民用电子地图市场的需求和现有民用电子地图产品市场调研的基础上，分析了现有国内民用电子地图在用户化工作方面存在的主要问题，并以实际界面的形式对如何提高产品用户化程度阐述了自己的思路和方法，供从事电子地图开发经营的企业和同仁参考。

Faraday's law is that when the flux in the conductor loop changes, it produces electromotive force in the conductor loop, and obeys to contour integral law , Maxwell Curl Theory is that when the magnetic intensity of a certain point in ether space changes, there produces electric field at that point in ether space, which is the field mutual production theory of "electric field produces magnetic field and magnetic field produces electric field" in the free space which everybody is familiar with, and it obeys differential law , Lorentz magnetic force is that when metal electrons cut magnetic lines, metal electrons forced by move along the conductor to form inductive current, in fact, it doesn't matter whether coil moves or magnet moves, only if there exists relative motion between magnetic field and conductor, metal electrons must cut magnetic lines, which is,"coil stills while magnet moves to the left" and "magnet stills while coil moves to the right" these two situations are the same, which both belong to metal electrons having cut magnetic lines.

法拉第定律指导体环路里的磁通量发生变化时，在导体环路上产生电动势，而且服从围线积分律；麦克斯韦旋度理论指以太空间某点的磁场强度发生变化时，在以太空间的该点产生电场，即大家熟知的自由空间里"电场生磁场与磁场生电场"之互生场理论，而且服从微分律；洛伦兹磁力指金属电子切割磁力线时，金属电子受力沿着导体漂移而形成感应电流，其实，无论线圈运动或是磁铁运动，只要磁场与导体存在相对运动，则金属电子必然切割磁力线，即，"线圈静止而磁铁向左运动"与"磁铁静止而线圈向右运动"这两种情况是一样的，都属于金属电子切割了磁力线。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。