电子

In order to testify our whether correction to Rossi's exchange term andthe potential of electron and nucleus is reasonable, we calculate 〓 moleculeelastic differential scattering cross section by electron impact on 100eV, ourresult is obviously better than Rossi's. Then we calculate elastic differentialscattering cross section at 150eV. In order to check the program thatcalculates molecule excitation cross section by electron impact, we calculatehydrogen excitation cross section from ground state to 〓 state at 20eVand 30eV, oxygen excitation cross section from ground state to 〓 state at15eV and 20eV. These calculations are in agreement with other theoreticresults, and experiment measure. Finally, we calculate sulfur moleculeexcitation〓 cross section by electron impact at5eV,7eV,9eV, 11eV, 13eV,15eV, and draw curve of excitation total crosssection corresponding to incident electron energy.

为了核对我们修改的计算激发态的程序是否正确，计算了电子与氢分子碰撞从基态激发到〓态入射能量分别为20eV和30eV时的微分截面以及电子与氧分子碰撞从基态激发到〓态入射能量分别为15eV和20eV时的微分截面，与别人的理论计算结果、实验的测量值基本一致，最后计算了电子与硫分子在5eV、7eV、9eV、11eV、13eV、15eV时的碰撞激发〓截面，作出了电子的入射能量与激发总截面的关系曲线，找出了总截面最大时对应的电子入射能量大约是11电子伏。

Based on the rigorous analysis of the kinetic process of both primary and secondary electrons, the related surface charges were analyzed, and the energy gain of emitted electrons was proportional to the square of the ratio between the tangential and normal component of electric field. In this process, the image force of mirror charges would result in an energy loss. Meanwhile, the effect of field alternation of power frequency ac voltage on electron movement could be ignored.

在前人工作的基础上，进一步严格推导了场致一次发射电子和二次电子的运动方程，分析了电子发射引起的绝缘材料表面带电，表明电子发射后的能量增益正比于场强的切向与法向分量比值 F /// F ^的二次方；同时考虑了在电子发射和运动过程中电荷镜像力的作用，并探讨了交流电压下表面带电的情形，认为当考虑电荷镜像力的作用时，电子的能量增益可能变小，而工频交流电压下电场交变对电子运动的影响可以忽略。

As to the procedure of obtaining evidence, the writer points out some procedures which are illegal and will result in the invalid of E-mail; as to the authenticity, several methods to identify were concluded and their advantages and disadvantages are also listed. In addition, the writer points out that the laws in force on the authenticity of E-mail were very macroscopic and vague. And there are not concrete laws in effect to identify the authenticity of E-mail without electronic signature and encryption. So the writer explains his views that each links of E-mail's lifecycle should be deeply analyzed and checked to exclude the possibilities of unauthenticity of E-mail.

就取证程序方面，该部分则指出了哪些取证程序是违反法律并可能会导致电子邮件无效；就电子邮件真实性的问题，本文主要从现有立法归纳出几种认定电子邮件真实性的具体方式，并阐述了这些方式的利弊，同时笔者还在该部分指出，现行法律对于电子邮件真实性问题的认识，仍仅停留在宏观层面，显得过于宽泛，尤其是针对未经签署电子签名和加密的电子邮件真实性的认定问题，现行法律没有进行具体规范。

The main purpose of this paper is to study the risks that the electronic bank faces, as well as the risks to its horizontal and vertical analysis.

本文对电子银行面临的风险进行分析，并对其风险进行横向和纵向的研究，主要进行了以下的研究：首先，引入时间序列，运用小波对电子银行数据进行分解和重构，并结合证据理论，提出了小波与证据理论相结合的电子银行风险预测方法，使电子银行预测变的更加科学、合理；其次，在分析电子银行操作风险事件的基础上，建立了一个电子银行风险的模型，运用层次分析法对电子银行内的各个因素对其风险的影响系数进行评价。

E - commerce is in the history of human society and a revolution, in e - commerce, online payment is a key ring.only implement online payment, to make a real sense of e - commerce, e - commerce can only stay in the online information publishing and search, and the initialling of the initial intention to reach agreement on the stage.and whether people using online payment most bepaid succedss is safe.e - commerce and online transactions in recent years has achieved a larger development, but there are many problems.one of the online payment is becoming China's development of electronic commerce.effects of online payment for the development of many factors, factors can be divided into technical and non-technical factors.due to our information technology development, so a relatively late in the development of online payment in respect of certain technical difficulties.

电子商务是人类社会发展史上的又一次革命，在电子商务中，网上支付是其关键一环。只有实现了网上支付，才能进行真正意义上的电子商务交易，否则电子商务只能停留在网上信息发布与搜索、初步意向达成和草签协议阶段。而人们是否采用网上支付最主要考虑的因素就是安全。我国电子商务和网上交易近年来取得了较大的发展，然而也存在很多问题。其中网上支付正成为我国电子商务发展的瓶颈之一。影响网上支付发展的因素很多，可分为技术性因素和非技术因素。由于我国信息技术发展起步较晚，因此在发展网上支付方面存在一定的技术困难。

This thesis starts with analysis of the practical advantages of electronic business comparing with the traditional ones and the basic conditions of developing electronic business. It claims that taxation is a difficult point of electronic business, and points out fell main problems of taxation on the reference of methods of basic problems coped with electronic business by some international organizations and governments. On the base of this, it attempts to point out the basic clues of resolving the problems in commercial taxation of China today and our counter-measures and suggestions. And this can serve for the administration of taxation in China, promoting it to link with internation as soon as possible and become one of the strong countries, which is internationlization ineconomic information.

本文从分析电子商务与传统商务相比较的现实优越性及发展电子商务的基本条件入手，认为税收问题是电子商务的难点；并通过借鉴国际组织和各国政府对电子商务税收问题的基本处理作法，进一步提出电子商务中的几个主要税收问题；在此基础上，通过借鉴国际上对电子商务税收问题处理的基本经验和作法，试图提出解决现阶段我国电子商务税收问题的基本思路和应采取的对策与建议，以期使我国税收管理尽快与国际相接轨，迎头赶上国际经济信息化发展的新浪潮。

Now we can produce various capacitors professionally,such as AC,DC, pulsating and metallized films capacitors,which are used in Communication Equipments, Exactitude Instruments,Television,Display,Electromotion Tools, Motors, Rectifier for Lamps, Electronic Portfire, Electronic Ammeters, and etc.

上海嘉宝实业股份有限公司电容、电子事业部，下属沪港合资嘉宝欧亚电子有限公司、沪港合资嘉丽宝电子有限公司、嘉宝实悦电子有限公司、中美合资嘉宝科技有限公司；成套引进国际先进的智能化设备及检测仪器，专业生产用于通讯、精密仪器仪表、电视机、显示器、电动工具、马达、灯具、电子镇流器、电子点火装置和电子电表等用途的交流、直流、脉冲、金属化薄膜电容器。

The main products are electronic balance,×, electronic counting scales, electronic weighing scales, electronic crane scale, waterproof scale, electronic platform scales, electronic platform balance, capacitive palm scales, weighing instruments, LED big screen, the sensor junction box and instrument.

主要产品有电子天平、电子计价秤、电子计数秤、电子计重秤、电子吊钩秤、防水秤、电子平台秤、电子台秤、电容式手掌秤、称重仪表、LED大屏幕、传感器接线盒及仪表等。

Main products: liquid quantitative filling machine, automatic weight sorting machine, automatic packing machine, automatic batching systems,°scales, various types of explosion-proof scales, weighing module, a variety of special equipment to transform scales, small loadometer Electronics, Electronics Truck Scale, Electronic Hanging Scale, Scale Labels, hydraulic forklift scale, chemical cylinder scales, electronic scales, electronic weight scale, electronic counting scales, electronic hopper scales, postage scales, nutrition scales, scales such as the human body.

主要产品：液体定量灌装机、重量自动选别机、自动计量包装机、自动配料系统、桶槽秤、各式防爆秤、称重模块、各种特殊设备改装秤、电子小地磅、电子汽车衡、电子吊秤、标签秤、液压叉车秤、化工钢瓶秤、电子天平、电子计重秤、电子计数秤、电子料斗秤、邮资秤、营养秤、人体秤等。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。