电子

The tryptophan residues play important roles in DNA photoreactivation catalyzed by CPD photolyases. We have investigated the action mechanism concerning Trp in DNA photoreactivation, and obtained the results as follows: 1 We proposed a mechanism of photosensitized splitting of CPDs by Trp and Trp-containing peptides. 2 Quantum yields of splitting of the model compounds that a Trp linked covalently a CPD were obtained under 290 nm light in various solvents, these values changing with solvent, range from 0.01 to 0.5. 3 Utilizing pulse radiolysis technique, splitting processes were observed in aqueous solution of the CPDs with hydrated electron and some oxidative species (such as hydroxyl radical, bromic radical and azide radical), and obtained their rate constants. In the case of interaction between CPD and hydrated electron, splitting of the CPD anion, and pyrimidine anion transfer an electron to FAD or Rf, were observed. The process rate was slower one order more than that in photolyase. Minor, but highly mutagenic UV-light-induced lesions are (6-4) photoproducts, which are repaired by (6-4) photolyases. These enzymes, discovered in 1993, are not well characterized and their mechanism is still under investigation.

我们研究它的作用机理，获得以下结果：1）建立了色氨酸及其肽对嘧啶二聚体光敏化裂解的直接修复作用机理模型；2）获得了色氨酸共价键连接于嘧啶二聚体的化合物在多种溶剂中290nm光辐照裂解的量子效率，其值随溶剂而变化，范围在0.01-0.5；3）运用脉冲辐解观察到嘧啶二聚体与水合电子和一些氧化性的自由基作用裂解过程，得到相应速率常数；对二聚体与水合电子作用发生裂解以及向FAD返还电子的过程进行了体外模拟；4）（6-4）光解酶的作用机理中一个关键假定是氧杂环丁烷中间体在接受电子后能自发裂解，恢复二嘧啶的结构。

By comparison between SMM HXRBS observation and ground observation of Hα and CaIIK lines, especially through the combined study between SMM HXRBS observation and chromospheric flare models, the results show that: in the initial stage of impulsive phase, there is a correlative relation betweem Hα line intensity and hard X-ray emission; different spike in hard X-ray flux curve represents the burst at different location; the energy taken by non-thermal electron beam is larger than the radiative loss in chromosphere; for the flare studied here, the chromospheric evapporation is explosive; if the chromosphere is in balance between electron beam bombardment and radiative loss, the column mass density at the top of chromospheric flare model can not be taken as measure from the source of electrons and then the total material between the source of electrons and the top of chromosphere can be estimated.

通过一个具体耀斑的SMM HXRBS观测结果与同时基于地面得到的Hα和CaⅡK可见光谱观测结果对比，特别是将硬x谱观测结果与色球半经验模型联立研究，结果显示出：在脉冲相上升段，硬x发射与Hα辐射之间存在对应关系；硬x线光变曲线中不同脉冲爆发分量不太可能起源于同一位置；硬x辐射所反映的高能非热电子总携带能量大于色球总辐射损失；对所研究的耀斑而言，其色球蒸发过程是爆发性的；在详细比较了非热电子色球总沉积和色球辐射损失的基础上，指出半经验模型中色球顶部柱数密度不能看成是从非热电子源度量的，从而估计了色球顶部到非热电子源之间的总物质。

In this article, the study of Electroacoustic music was ...

第二部分从历史和技术的角度对电子音乐做了分类的研究，从早期的电子拼接音乐到电子音合成音乐再到当今的电子计算机音乐，这种分类的方式主要是从电子音乐的创作方式来考虑的。

The second part of the article studied the classification of Electroacoustic music from the perspective of its historical and technological development, from the "Electronic piecing music","Synthesizer music" to the "Computer digital music" today. The method of classification was based on the consideration of the creation of Electroacoustic music.

第二部分从历史和技术的角度对电子音乐做了分类的研究，从早期的电子拼接音乐到电子音合成音乐再到当今的电子计算机音乐，这种分类的方式主要是从电子音乐的创作方式来考虑的。

At present, with the automotive and electronic industrial technology of rapid development, the use of the car getting higher and higher performance requirements, the electronically controlled fuel injection technology in the car on a wide range of applications, to reduce fuel consumption and reduce environmental pollution requirements of the increasingly strong electronic fuel injection system to replace the traditional carburetor is a foregone conclusion, for the fittings to meet the needs of the market in June 2003 the company started to develop my EFI system with some fittings and matching engine plant, while the introduction of Marelli, Delphi, Motorola, United Electronics, Mitsubishi Electronic Fuel Injection System complete set of fittings (for: Jinbei, ruichi,ó, the Great Wall pickup, Chinese, Zun Chi, Chun-Jie, Haversian, Seyfert, Chery, Tiggo, ZTE, Tai Di , dawn, landscape sea lions, the South East Series EFI models fittings and so on) the rapid sales network covering the domestic market fittings.

目前，随着汽车及电子工业技术的高速发展，对汽车的使用性能要求越来越高，电子控制燃油喷射技术在汽车上的广泛应用，对降低汽车耗油量和减少环境污染的要求日趋强烈，以电子燃油喷射系统取代传统的化油器已成定局，为满足配件市场的需求2003年6月我公司开始研制电喷系统配件并与部分发动机厂配套，同时引进马瑞利、德尔福、摩托罗拉、联合电子、三菱全套电喷系统配件（适用：金杯海狮、锐驰、阁瑞斯、长城皮卡、中华、尊驰、骏捷、哈弗、赛弗、奇瑞、瑞虎、中兴、大迪、曙光、风景海狮、东南系列等车型的电喷配件）销售网络迅速覆盖了国内配件市场。

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the electronic payment system in China has been a weak link in the e-commerce system and has become the hinderer in e-commerce development.

随着电子商务的快速发展，电子支付系统一直是国内电子商务体系中的薄弱环节，越来越成为制约电子商务发展的一个关键因素。

Based on the analysis of displacement of the electron in transverse magnetic field ,computation of magnetic field of Helmholtz coil and the analysis of uniform scope of magnetic field,the expression of the electron displacement with magnetic field intensity in intensitive uniform magnetic field is modified by the authors.

为了衡量电子在横向磁场下的偏移量的实验中所测数据的优劣性，分析了电子在横向磁场下的偏移原理，，通过亥姆霍兹线圈全空间磁场的计算和磁场均匀性范围的分析；修正了电子在匀强磁场中偏移距离与磁感应强度的关系式，得到了电子在磁场中的偏移距离与产生匀强磁场的电流以及磁场大小的偏差率之间的关系以及成立的条件。

Secondly, the ground-state ionization potentials from Lithium-like to Neon-like isoelectronic sequences (Z: 37-82) are calculated systematically by using of MCDF method, and the effect and contribution of electron-correction energy and high-order correct are analyzed in detail, then their variational relations with Z are obtained, these shows that Breit interactions become important for the energy as the nuclear charge Z increases, but that of the QED only fluctuates around 0, then a new extrapolation formulae for IPS along an isoelectronic sequence is set up.

其次，用MCDF理论系统地研究和计算了中高Z元素Li-like到Ne-like等电子系列基态电离能(Z=37-82)，详细分析了电子相关能和高阶修正能量的影响和贡献，得到其等电子系列随Z的变化关系，结果表明Breit贡献随着Z的增加而迅速上升，而QED的贡献随Z的变化不大，仅仅在零上下波动，并建立了不同等电子系列电离能的新拟合公式。

The direction and the strength of the spin polarization are well controllable and manipulatable by simply varying the strength of spin-orbit interaction or the energy levels in quantum dots.

通过改变自旋轨道耦合强度或量子点内的能级很容易调节自旋极化的强度和方向，而且当量子点内的能级相等时电子-电子互作用能够增强量子点内的自旋积累，当量子点内的能级不相等时电子-电子互作用不能增强量子点内的自旋积累。

Based on the hypothesis of Brands, this thesis presents two off-line electronic cash system applied to small payment: one is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash system with complete anonymity, and the other is an off-line nondivisible electronic cashsystem with repealed anonymity. The two systems can solve the bottleneck problem of bank server. Furthermore, based on the concept of virtual debit as well as the payment demand of pay-per-use electronic commerce and mobile commerce, this paper designs a micro-system NPAY, which can solve the problem of extra-consuming, greatly reduce the system communication overhead, and the consumer can anonymously consume.

基于Brands假设，设计了两个适用于小额支付的离线电子现金系统：一个是具有完全匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，另一个是可撤消匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，这两个系统都较好地解决了银行服务器的瓶颈问题；针对即付即用(pay-per-use)类型电子商务和移动商务的支付需求，基于&虚借记&的概念，设计了一个微支付系统NPAY，较好地解决了消费者超额消费问题，系统的通讯开销也大大减少，并且消费者可以匿名消费。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。