电压线

We used coupling phototube convert the voltage of reflector voltages of klystron linearly to lower voltage, and convert the lower voltages of standing wave measuring line and crystal detector inputting power linearly to higher voltages by operation amplifier. Then we inputted these voltages to computer by analog-to-digital card and plotted the graphs of working characteristics of reflecting klystron with software .

利用光电耦合器将速调管反射极高电压线性转换为低电压，同时将驻波测量线测得电场强度的电压值和晶体检波器所测得的反射式速调管输出功率的电压值通过运算放大器线性放大，然后经过模数转换卡采集到微机中，利用软件绘制出速调管的工作特性曲线。

The authors used coupling phototube convert the voltage of reflector voltages of klystron linearly to lower voltage and converted the lower voltages of standing wave measuring line and crystal detector inputting power linearly to higher voltages by operation amplifier. Then inputted these voltages to computer by analog-to-digital card and plotted the graphs of working characteristics of reflecting klystron with software.

利用光电耦合器将速调管反射极高电压线性转换为低电压，同时将驻波测量线测得电场强度的电压值和晶体检波器所测得的反射式速调管输出功率的电压值通过运算放大器线性放大，然后经过模数转换卡采集到微机中，利用软件绘制出速调管的工作特性曲线。

The main work can be summed up as follows: Firstly, we studied the thermal-field properties of VCSELs, and analyzed the influences of current spreading, material parameters and operating conditions on the temperature distributions. Secondly, we began with the electrode voltage and calculated the equipotential s distributions, compared the distributions of voltages and current densities in different depths of VCSELs, and then studied the influences of the oxide-confining region with different position or thickness, and the different sizes of the gain-guided aperture and emitting window on the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature in the active region. Thirdly, we realized the coupling of electricity, optical and thermal-fields, worked out the threshold voltage, calculated the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature under different offset voltages, and analyzed the impacts of temperature profile and carrier density on the refractive index, Fermi levels and optical-field. Finally, we gave the equipotential line distributions with considering N-DBR and double oxidized-confining regions, and analyzed theinfluences of N-DBR and double oxide-confining regions on the distributions of the current density, carrier concentration, temperature and optical-field.

具体工作可以概括如下：首先，研究了VCSEL的热场特性，分析了电流扩展，材料参数和工作条件对于温度分布的影响；其次，从电极电压入手，计算出激光器中的等势线分布，并对不同深度处的电压和电流分布进行比较，研究了高阻区的不同位置和不同厚度、限制层和出射窗口半径的大小对电流密度、载流子浓度和温度分布的影响；再次，实现了电、光、热耦合，求出了阈值电压，计算了不同偏置电压下的电流密度分布、载流子浓度分布和热场分布，分析了温度和载流子浓度变化对折射率、费米能级和光场的影响；最后，给出了考虑N-DBR和双氧化限制层时激光器中的等势线分布，分析了N-DBR和双氧化限制层对VCSEL电流密度、载流子浓度、温度和光场分布的影响。

The reason of unbalanced load voltage for station transformer in 220 kV substation was analyzed,the important influence of null line wirings in three-phase four-wire system on three-phase load voltage balancing was explained,and put forward a kind of simple,visual and practical vector analysis method.

分析一220kV变电站站用变压器负荷电压不平衡的原因，说明了三相四线制中的零线接线准确与否对负荷三相电压平衡性的重要影响，并提出了一种简单、直观的实用矢量图分析方法。

The power supply voltage line includes an edge part formed in an obtuse angle.

电源电压线包括形成钝角的边缘部分。

Further, a cathode voltage line and a scan driver each may include an edge part formed in an obtuse angle.

进一步地，阴极电压线以及扫描驱动器的每一个都可以包括形成钝角的边缘部分。

For these reasons, the breaker-and-a-half switchyard scheme is generally preferred for transmission switchyards and a line tap (particularly for high-voltage and extra-high-voltage lines) would not be considered acceptable.

基于这些原因，断路器和一个半开关计划是普遍的首选传输switchyards和线塔（特别是高电压和特高电压线）将不会被视为是可以接受的。

The micro actuator's static state characteristic by static electric force is analyzed in detail. The steady balance position's existing condition is educed while the moving pole move with linear displacement, and the relationship between driving voltage and the moving pole's line displacement is presented. The adsorption voltage by which the moving pole is adsorbed to fixed pole is exported. The resolution method of the pole cornual displacement's static state characteristic is opened out.

以应用RP技术制作三自由度电容式微型激励器为例，阐明了这种制造工艺的主要特点，探索了复杂微机械结构制作的新方法；详细分析了所设计微驱动器在静电力作用下的静态特性，推导出了可动极板线位移运动时存在稳定平衡位置的条件及驱动电压与可动极板线位移量之间的关系曲线；给出了可动极板吸合到固定电极上的吸合电压，指出了分析可动极板角位移静态特性的解析方法。

When compensating devices are switched by vacuum switches, if they are switched on group, the inrush current can be controlled by inserting suitable current-restrained reactance in-series. Since the restriking overvoltage is pertinent to the capacity of compensating devices and the time of restriking and igniting, the overvoltage can be restrained by arresters with asterism connection at the entrance of the capacitors. Although switching capacitance devices will bring up high interception cross overvoltage, the metal-oxide arrester can limit this overvoltage in the system designed in the thesis, and naturally the compensating devices can operate normally.

使用真空开关投切并联无功补偿装置，在分组投入并联电容器时，串联合适的限流电抗，合闸涌流可以得到控制；重燃时的过电压值与并补装置补偿容量，重燃发生时刻和燃弧时间有关，电容器进线端的三星接法避雷器可以抑制其过电压；切并联电抗器时会产生较高的截流过电压，金属氧化物避雷器可以使本文中所建系统的截流过电压得到限制，并联无功补偿装置可以正常切合。

Supply voltage line bypass, double-sided printed-circuit board, and wide-area ground line layout are necessary for stable operation.

电源电压线搭桥，双面印刷电路板，宽领域的地线布局是必要的稳定运行。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。