电压梯度

Based on Reddy higher-order shear deformation plate theory and general von Kármán-type equations, the analytical solutions for free vibration and dynamic response of simply supported functionally graded plates with piezoelectric layers in thermal environments are described with double Fourier series, where temperature-dependent material properties are taken into account.

基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论和广义Kármán 型方程，用双重Fourier级数展开法求得了热环境下带压电层的功能梯度复合材料混合层合板的自由振动及动力响应的解析解，分析中考虑了材料热物参数对温度变化的依赖性，讨论了环境温度和控制电压对固有频率及动力响应的影响。

Due to its good effect in the reservation of information of signal abrupt change, mathematical morphology is often applied in the detection and location of short-term power quality disturbance, however, there is still a defect of invalid detection existing in partial detection methods based on mathematical morphology while some zero-crossing disturbances are detected. In this paper three mathematical morphology based disturbance detection and location methods, i.e., the method based on first-order derivation and morphological gradient, the method based on morphological gradient and soft threshold processing and the method based on dq decomposition and top-hat transform, are analyzed, that is, by means of simulation the adaptability of these methods in the analysis on the signals of voltage sag, voltage swell and electromagnetic transient oscillation is compared.

数学形态学因其在保留信号突变点信息方面有很好的效果，因此常用于短时电能质量扰动的检测和定位，但基于数学形态学的部分方法仍存在对某些过零点扰动检测失效的缺点，文章分析了3种基于数学形态学的扰动检测和定位方法，即基于1阶求导和形态梯度的方法、基于形态梯度和软阈值处理的方法、基于dq分解和高帽变换的方法，通过仿真比较了3种方法在分析电压暂降、电压暂升、电磁暂态振荡等信号方面的适应性，结果发现基于dq分解和高帽变换的方法在检测过零点扰动时具有很好的效果，因此选取这种方法对实测扰动数据进行了检测和定位分析。

After that we give a presentation of ion lysenkoism which describe the potential change between the two sides of membrane and present the Hodgkin-Huxley model and it\'s equations set.We introduce the basic conception of stochastic resonance and coherence resonance subsequently.

然后，给出了神经元的基本知识，包括神经元的基本结构，神经元细胞膜离子浓度的分布，离子电位梯度和平衡电位，神经元的静息电位、动作电位，接着本文给出了描述神经元膜两边电压变化的离子学说及Hodgkin-Huxley模型和它对应的方程。

Critical voltage for a simply supported rectangular thin plate under uniform electric field is presented by using Navier solutions.

基于经典板理论，假设材料的电弹参数为板厚方向坐标的幂函数，采用含压电耦合项的修正层合理论，推导了压电功能梯度薄板在电载荷作用下的屈曲方程，并利用Navier解，得到四边简支矩形薄板在均匀电场下的屈曲临界电压。

SHBs' bunching voltage and bunching drift distance, prebuncher and buncher's phase and acceleration gradient, and solenoid field profile have been studied.

对SHB的聚束电压和漂移距离、预聚束器与聚束器的相位和加速梯度、螺线管磁场的形状等都进行了细致的研究和优化，并讨论了聚束器出口 10ps束长内电荷量的极限值。

Besides, the influences of different kinds of cathode blocks on the thermo-electric distribution in the lining were studied. The results showed that, with the increase of the content of graphite or the graphitized degree in the cathode blocks, the thermal gradient and voltage drop in the cathode decreased greatly; the liquidus isotherms moved toward the end wall and side wall in the vertical direction, but moved little in the firebricks.

此外，通过研究阴极炭块种类对内衬中电热场的影响，发现随着炭块石墨含量的增加，炭块的温度梯度、炭块中的电压降以及电解槽槽底电压降显著降低，电解质凝固等温线往槽大面和小面方向偏移，但在耐火砖内位置变化不大。

In this case, the evaluation unit ( 14 ) is designed in such a manner that it can be used to generate a correction signal using the control voltage and a nominal gradient of the voltage-controlled oscillator ( 4 ) and to apply said signal to the evaluation output.

此例中，该评估单元(14；14')以其可用于使用该电压控制振荡器(4)的控制电压及名义梯度来产生一修正信号及施加该信号至评估输出的方式来设计。

After measurement and analysis of the interfering voltage, potential gradient, the point current density, the weight-loss increases with average current density, and the depth of penetration increases with the interfering voltage.

测量和分析了干扰电压、电位梯度、点电流密度、失重量及腐蚀坑深后，可以看出失重量随平均电流密度而增加，腐蚀坑深随干扰电压而加剧。

The low voltage separation models with moving grade electrical field and high voltage separation model have been discussed.

建立了电泳低电压运动梯度场分离的理论模型，提出了实现运动梯度场分离的控制方法和控制流程。

In order to bring about the spatial depth resolution of the image data obtained, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic wave is beamed onto the surface of a photonic mixed element comprising at least one pixel, the pixel having at least two light-sensitive modulation light gates Gam and Gbm and associated accumulation gates Ga and Gb; modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, which are configured as Uam=Uo Um and Ubm=Uo-Um, are applied to the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm; a direct voltage, whose magnitude is at least the same as that of the total of Uo and the amplitude of the modulation voltage Um, is applied to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb; the charge carriers produced in the space charge region of the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm by the incident electromagnetic wave are subjected, as a function of the polarity of the modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, to the potential gradient of a drift field and drift to the corresponding accumulation gate Ga or Gb; and the charges qa and qb which have drifted to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb, respectively, are diverted.

为了使得采用这样一种方法获得的图象数据具有空间深度分辨率，按照本发明的方法包含下述步骤：使电磁波成束在至少包含一个象素的光混合元件的表面上，该象素至少具有两个光敏调制光门G am 和G bm 以及相关的累积门G a 和G b ；将调制光门电压U am 和U bm 施加到调制光门G a 和G b 上，而调制光门电压的构成是U am=U o U m，U bm=U o -U m；将直流电压施加到累积门G a 和G b 上，而直流电压的幅度至少与U o 和调制电压U am的幅度的总和相同；使由入射电磁波在调制光门G am 和G bm 的空间电荷区中产生的载流子经受漂移场的电位梯度，并漂移到相应的累积门G a 或G b ，而电磁波是调制光门电压U am和U bm的极性的函数；已经分别漂移到累积门G a 和G b 的电荷的方向反向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。