电压

The mechanism of oscillation overvoltage and induction overvoltage produced in transformer windings under impulse voltage conditions, the principle of the simulation of impulse voltage distribution in transformer windings, and the experience of winding insulation design using the simulation software are theoretically summarized.

在工频电压和操作电压作用下，电力变压器绕组匝间和饼间的电压差值近似按匝数平均分布。但在雷电冲击作用下，由于电压波形的波前等值频率高达数百千赫兹，绕组匝间和饼间的电容和绕组对地的电容影响已不能忽略。

Operational Tran conductance lifers and Grounded actorhas become one of the most important methods to implement integrated continuous-time filters. Operational Tran conductance Amplifierscan transfer input voltage into current to output,and control or change output current within large range by an external controlling current of amplifier. Most articles consider OTA as a voltage-mode circuit component and give voltage-to-voltage transfer function of all having been implemented filter circuits,i.e. The input signal and output signal of filter circuits are voltages .

运算跨导集成运算放大器OTA ( Operational Tran conductance Amplifier 以下简称跨导运放)的功能是将输入电压转换为电流输出，并通过外加偏置电流控制运放的工作电流，从而使它的输出电流在较大范围内变化，而在大多数文献中，器件都被作为电压模式元器件使用实现的各种滤波电路都是按传送电压比给出的，即滤波电路输入信号和输出信号均为电压信号。

One thing is to analysis the overvoltage due to the switches of compensating capacitorusing ATP-EMTP program, the other thing is to develop an ovevoltage monitoring system to monitorthe overvoltage at the substation. Based on a real 10kV substation model, the simulation resultsunder various operating modes indicate that the overvoltage of the capacitor is much greater whenthe 10KV bus is light-loaded or the switch is multi-reburning.

论文主要进行两方面的工作，一方面以某一10kV变电站为原型，建立了补偿电容器投切过程过电压的仿真计算模型，利用ATP-EMTP电磁暂态计算程序对多种工况下电容器上的过电压情况进行了仿真计算；另一方面设计组建变电站配网过电压测试分析系统，开展现场实际过电压的监测。

The influence of impulse voltage waveshape on particle-initiated breakdown voltage of a GIS system in SF6 and SF6/Air mixtures is reported. The results are compared with the characteristics of air gaps. For the SF6 gaps, breakdown voltage depends on wave-front duration but almost independs on wavetail duration. For the gaps in SF6/Air mixtures, the influence of impulse waveshape also depends on SF6 contents and electrical field non-uniformity

作者研究比较了正极性冲击电压波形对SF_6、空气、SF_6/空气的 GIS 电极装置由固定导电微粒引发的击穿电压的影响，结果表明：SF_6间隙的击穿电压受冲击电压波前时间长短的影响较大，而与波长的关系不大，当采用SF_6/空气混合气体时，则这种影响随SF_6含量增大而愈明显，并与电场不均匀程度有关。

The boost converter is a voltage step-up and current step-down converter .the current source is synthesized from a DC voltage source by adding a large value inductor in series .in DC regulated power supply applications ,the voltage sink represents a large value capacitor in parallel with the load resistance .in the application of the DC motor control ,the voltage sink represents the back emf of the DC motor .the switching action produces a pulsating current .the capacitive filter smoothens the pulsating current and provides a DC voltage to the load

升压转换器是一个升压和降流的转换器。电流源是一个直流电压源添加一个大值电感串联合成的。在直流稳压电源的应用，电压降代表一个大值电容并联一个负载电阻。在直流电机的控制应用中，电压降代表反电动势的直流电机。转换行为产生一个脉动电流。一个滤波电容是这个脉动电流平和并且提供直流的电压负荷。

This utility model is combined with controller series, attain the required voltage, and then put the resulting series DC voltage by oscillators converts AC voltage.each solar battery pack over-discharge buildingup, dangelmayer, adopted by the series of microprocessor and complementary components of the circuit to control this control circuit management, together with the ciyutuo program software to make up the " serries solar battery charging and discharging controller ", do not need inverter adrenotensin, you can be used directly for energy saving lamps or other to adapt to the mains voltage electrical and electronic appliances, and thereby save General inverter converts adrenotensin faches as a result of waste, and therefore reduce the time of conversion of electrorheological, Terminal′s makes solar power and use have become a stable and reliable.

本串联型太阳能电池充放电控制器就是结合控制器之间的串联，达到所需电压，再把串联所得到的直流电压，通过震荡器转换为交流电压。每个太阳能电池组对蓄电池的充、放电，采用串联的由微处理器及配套元件组成的电路进行控制管理，此控制电路并配合配套的程序软件组成了&串联型太阳能电池充放电控制器&，不需要逆变器升压，就可以直接使用节能灯或者其它适应市电电压的电子电器设备，从而省掉常规逆变器转换升压环节所造成的浪费，并因此减小转换时低压端的电流，使太阳能发电和使用都变得稳定可靠。

When the cables use inalternating current system, rated voltage of cables should be at least equal the rated voltage of the system; When the cables use in direct current system,rated voltage should be not greater than 1.5 times of the rales ted voltage of the cab.

当电缆使用于交流系统时，电缆的额定电压至少应等于该系统的额定电压；当电缆使用地直流系统时，该系统的额定电压应不大于电缆额定电压的1.5倍。

Research indicates that distributed parameter on taper winding led to voltage oscillation during rising edge,which may create excessive voltage gradient in head of winding,the validity of MTL model is also proved.

研究表明：分布参数会引起电压谐振，冲击电压的上升沿在绕组首端产生匝间过电压；多导体传输线模型可对锥形变压器绕组的电压分布进行有效计算。

With analysis on the control model, an improved automatic tuning method for arc-suppression coil is proposed, that is: adopting voltage feed forward control to restrain interfere of 50Hz displacement voltage, which can improve the characteristic of the injected signal significantly, make the injected signal without reference to unbalanced network and neutral displaced system. Another innovation is detecting the magnitude of neutral point signal-frequency voltage to judge the resonant state, which improves the sensitivity and accuracy of resonant judgement effectively.

基于对控制模型的分析，提出了一种新的注入变频信号的消弧线圈自动调谐方法：通过电压前馈校正控制的引入，有效抑制了50Hz工频电压对注入信号的干扰，使得注入信号不受电网不对称及中性点位移电压的影响；提出以中性点注入信号电压幅值最大做为新的谐振判据，有效提高了谐振状态判断的灵敏度和准确度。

L Intelligent three-phase charge mode: We adopt constant current technology at the beginning of charge, which can made current invariable and avoid battery broken or accelerating battery aging. It can convert to constant- voltage and current-limiting charge when charge voltage achieves upper limit voltage, which can improve effectively the capacity conversion efficiency of battery. Trickle and floating charge make each single cell battery constant receive electricity and ensure battery capacity can be recall most, which solved the unbalanced phenomenon of single cell battery and avoid the danger of voltage change and the end of battery charge, extend battery life.

l 智能三阶段充电模式：充电初期采用恒流技术，使充电电流恒定，避免损坏电池，加速电池的老化；充电电压达到上限电压时自动转换为恒压限流充电，有效的提高了蓄电池的容量转换效率；涓流浮充使各单体电池均衡受电，保证电池容量得以最大限度恢复，有效解决单体电压不均衡现象，避免了市电电压的变化和蓄电池充电的末期造成的蓄电池过压充电的危险，大大延长了蓄电池的使用寿命。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。