电压

The mechanism and dynamic model of ASVG is introduced in this article at first. Then the authors point to the problems of running and control of ASVG under asymmetric conditions of power system, and put forward the asymmetric expert PID control law. Under the experimental condition of 10%negative voltage, the simulated results are given.

论述了ASVG的工作机理和在系统电压对称时的动态数学模型，并针对系统电压不对称时ASVG的运行与控制问题，分析了系统电压不对称时的被控对象模型，提出了恒电压不对称专家PID控制方法，给出了系统有15%的负序电压时的仿真结果。

S1 is then changed to position 1. The voltage stored on C1 is inserted between the output and inverting input of the amplifier and the output of the amplifier changes by VIN to maintain the amplifier input at the input offset voltage. The output then changes from (VOS + IbiasR2) to (VIN + IbiasR2) as S1 is changed from position 2 to position 1. Amplifier bias current is supplied through R2 from the output of the amplifier or from C2 when S1 is in position 2 and position 1 respectively. R3 serves to reduce the offset at the amplifier output if the amplifier must have maximum linear range or if it is desired to DC couple the amplifier.

接着 S1 拨到位置 1，使 C1 的电压加在放大器的输出端和反相输入端之间，(由于电容端电压不能突变，所以)输出端的电压将产生大小等于 VIN 的变化，使放大器输入端维持输入失调电压，即当开关 S1 从位置 2 拨到位置 1 时，输出端电压将从(VOS + IbiasR2)变为(VIN + IbiasR2)。S1 处于位置 2 时，放大器的偏置电流是由输出端经电阻 R2 提供的，当 S1 转向位置 1 时则由 C2 提供。R3 的作用是降低输出失调电压，如果要求放大器具有最大的线性范围，或者采用直流耦合，就应该使用该电容。

On the basis of the analysis of the transient negative current, a compensated voltage can be generated with multiplying the rms value of the negative sequence transient current of the feeder by a settable compensated reactance, then combined with the magnitude of the zero-sequence voltage to consist of the compounded compensated voltage, which can be utilized to revise the characteristics of the inverse time-delay.

其基本保护采用零序过电压保护，动作时间采用反时限特性；在分析接地故障负序暂态电流分布特点的基础上，利用线路负序电流暂态有效值与一个可整定的补偿电抗相乘，形成补偿电压，并与零序电压幅值合成复合补偿电压，利用该电压对基本的反时限动作特性曲线进行修正，使零序过电压保护具有选择性。

The inverse time delay characteristic is adopted by the basic zero-sequence over-voltage protection. On the basis of the analysis of the transient negative current, a compensated voltage can be generated with multiplying the rms value of the negative sequence transient current of the feeder by a settable compensated reactance, then combined with the magnitude of the zero-sequence voltage to consist of the compounded compensated voltage, which can be utilized to revise the characteristics of the inverse time-delay.

其基本保护采用零序过电压保护，动作时间采用反时限特性；在分析接地故障负序暂态电流分布特点的基础上，利用线路负序电流暂态有效值与一个可整定的补偿电抗相乘，形成补偿电压，并与零序电压幅值合成复合补偿电压，利用该电压对基本的反时限动作特性曲线进行修正，使零序过电压保护具有选择性。

The article adopts "humidity ratio" integrated emendation method and other two traditional emendation methods in emendation calculating on several group test results. The tests are : simulating test in artificial climate room on 110kV substation equipment of Yangbajing, Lasa and Yanghu by Xi"an High Voltage Lab; power frequency voltage discharge test of ZS-110 by Yunnan provincial electrical research academy. It compares and analyses the equipment test voltage emendated to standard atmosphere conditions with the equipment nominal withstanding voltage. And then it concluded that: the emendation value educed by "humidity ratio" integrated emendation method is basically equal or close to the equipment nominal withstanding voltage; but the values by two traditional emendation methods are mostly higher.It also proves that,"humidity ratio integrated emendation method is more perfect than any other methods, and it can reflect the influence degree of atmospheric parameters on electrical equipment outer insulation discharge voltage actually. The method should be spread in designing high elevation power projects.

文中选择&比湿&综合校正法和两种传统校正法，分别对西高所为羊八井、拉萨、羊湖110kV变电所设备所做的人工气候室模拟试验数据及云南中试所做的ZS-110工频放电电压试验数据进行校正计算，将试验电压的校正值与试验设备的标称耐受电压水平进行比较分析；认为：&比湿&综合校正法的校正值与设备耐受电压水平基本相等或接近，而两传统校正法的校正值大多高于设备耐受电压水平；进一步证明，&比湿&综合校正法是目前诸多校正法中较为完善的，能真实地反映大气参数对电气设备外绝缘放电电压的影响程度的校正法，在高海拔电力工程设计中应推广应用。

The impact of load characteristics and on load tap changer on static voltage stability is analyzed with the methods based on V-Q and V-P curves, and the phenomenon of voltage stability voltage instability and voltage collapse are studied with steady-state simulation.

通过电压—功率曲线分析法定性分析了不同负荷特性和有载调压变压器对静态电压稳定性的影响，并通过静态仿真法从物理现象上研究了电压失稳和电压崩溃现象，最后针对这些现象给出了关于电压稳定、以及电压崩溃的本质解释。

Research results show that under AC voltage the voltage distribution of Y-type insulator strings is extremely non-uniform and the voltage distribution curve of Y-type insulator string is similar to that of I-Type suspension insulator string; under DC voltage the voltage distribution of Y-type insulator string is also extremely non-uniform, the voltage undertaken by the insulators at the conductor side of Y-type insulator string is higher than that undertaken by other insulators of the same string, and as a whole the voltage distribution trend is that the voltage undertaken by the insulators at both ends of the Y-type insulator string is higher than the voltage undertaken by the insulators at the middle of the same insulator string.

研究结果表明：在交流电压下，Y型绝缘子串的电压分布极不均匀，其电压分布曲线和交流悬垂I串类似；在直流电压下，Y型绝缘子串的电压分布极不均匀，绝缘子串导线侧绝缘子分担电压高于其它绝缘子，总体上呈现导线侧和杆塔侧两端高、中间低的分布趋势。

Research results show that under AC voltage the voltage distribution of Y-type insulator strings is extremely non-uniform and the voltage distribution curve of Y-type insulator string is si...

研究结果表明：在交流电压下，Y型绝缘子串的电压分布极不均匀，其电压分布曲线和交流悬垂I串类似；在直流电压下，Y型绝缘子串的电压分布极不均匀，绝缘子串导线侧绝缘子分担电压高于其它绝缘子，总体上呈现导线侧和杆塔侧两端高、中间低的分布趋势。

Against the models established, the equivalence of DC voltage, OWV and VLF voltage to AC voltage has been widely investigated. It is found that the equivalence factor of OWV is between 1.2 and 1.8, that means OWV has a good equivalence to AC voltage.

针对建立的试验模型，讨论了直流电压、振荡波电压、超低频(0.1Hz)电压与交流电压的等效性，发现振荡波电压的等效系数在1.2-1.8之间，与交流电压等效性较好。

In order to bring about the spatial depth resolution of the image data obtained, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic wave is beamed onto the surface of a photonic mixed element comprising at least one pixel, the pixel having at least two light-sensitive modulation light gates Gam and Gbm and associated accumulation gates Ga and Gb; modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, which are configured as Uam=Uo Um and Ubm=Uo-Um, are applied to the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm; a direct voltage, whose magnitude is at least the same as that of the total of Uo and the amplitude of the modulation voltage Um, is applied to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb; the charge carriers produced in the space charge region of the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm by the incident electromagnetic wave are subjected, as a function of the polarity of the modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, to the potential gradient of a drift field and drift to the corresponding accumulation gate Ga or Gb; and the charges qa and qb which have drifted to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb, respectively, are diverted.

为了使得采用这样一种方法获得的图象数据具有空间深度分辨率，按照本发明的方法包含下述步骤：使电磁波成束在至少包含一个象素的光混合元件的表面上，该象素至少具有两个光敏调制光门G am 和G bm 以及相关的累积门G a 和G b ；将调制光门电压U am 和U bm 施加到调制光门G a 和G b 上，而调制光门电压的构成是U am=U o U m，U bm=U o -U m；将直流电压施加到累积门G a 和G b 上，而直流电压的幅度至少与U o 和调制电压U am的幅度的总和相同；使由入射电磁波在调制光门G am 和G bm 的空间电荷区中产生的载流子经受漂移场的电位梯度，并漂移到相应的累积门G a 或G b ，而电磁波是调制光门电压U am和U bm的极性的函数；已经分别漂移到累积门G a 和G b 的电荷的方向反向。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。