电压

Next, in a third interval, the voltage is lowered in a short time from the second voltage to a third voltage no more than the starting voltage.

接着，在第三区间中，电压在短时间内从第二电压下降到比启动电压低的第三电压。

It is not overstated that transformer is the heart of electrical system. A step-up transformer is used to reduce the power losses, while the step-down transformer provides the various levels of voltage to the customers.

中文摘要变压器是供电系统的心脏，升压变压器为提升电压以减少线路损失，便利长距离输送；降压变压器为降低电压以提供各电压等级之用户使用，故扮演著极重要角色。

Instrument has a variable ratio of the internal step-up voltage transformer from the standard of accuracy classes to 0.02, you can 1200V and 2400V voltage of the power under the exact test voltage transformer errors.

仪器内部具有多变比的自升压电压互感器标准，准确度等级达到0.02级，可以在1200V和2400V的电压下准确检定电力电压互感器的误差。

After hot carrier stress, devices were evaluated by using positive bias temperature instability test. With different trends in the time evolution of threshold voltage shift and sub-threshold swing degradation, it is found that electron trapping in the HfO2 is the major reason for the threshold voltage variation. Compared to control devices, devices with fluorine and nitrogen exhibit good passivation at the interface. Devices were measured at an elevated temperature.

在热载子效应后，接著进行正偏压温度不稳定的量测方法，从随时间变动的临界电压以及次临界摆幅，发现临界电压的变动趋势与临界摆幅变动趋势不符合，表示二氧化铪的原生缺陷补捉是造成临界电压变动的主因，而临界摆幅的变动也可得知有氟，氮处理元件具有比较好的介面可靠度。

First through comparison of voltage stability tangent vector index, the power loss sensitivity index as well as the singular value index, then makes the system operators fixes their voltage stability monitoring and prevention stress on the weak nodes and weak area.

首先通过对电压稳定的切向量指标、网损灵敏度指标以及奇异值指标的分析比较，确定系统的弱节点、弱区域，使得系统运行人员对系统的电压稳定的监控和预防侧重在系统电压稳定的弱区域。

Log-domain companding technique takes advantage of the exponential I/V characteristics of the active devices such as bipolar junction transistors, compressing the dynamic range of the input sigal and reducing internal voltage amplitudes, it can maintain large dynamic range and high operating frequency under low supply voltage , the main area of application for this technique is the implementation of continuous-time fully integrated filters with low voltage, wide dynamic range, high-frequency, and wide tenability.

对数域压扩技术利用BJT晶体管等有源器件的指数Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性，对信号作对数压缩处理，大大降低了电路内部节点电压的摆幅，能在低电源电压下保持大信号动态范围和高工作频率，该技术的主要应用是设计具有低电压、宽调谐范围、高工作频率和宽动态范围特性的连续时间全集成滤波器——对数域滤波器。

Along with of microprocessor of development, the urgent demand have to match with it mutually of connect the issue that ocular exterior measure the equipments directly, root for a living through applied personnel in technique in science, find out a kind of exits already of but the past was output the equipments by the tiny electric current, electric voltage that people neglect, namely the high man in Rogowski electric current spreads to feel machine with divide to press the machine, its output's is several 100 peaceful electric current s/ V electric voltage can control with tiny model protection directly the equipments pick up a people, satisfying the request that protection control measure, and basic dissolves traditional electromagnetism type the electric current, electric voltage feels with each other saturated weakness in machine.

随着微机的发展，迫切要求有配合它的相互连接的问题，眼球的外部测量设备直接，根为口奔驰，通过应用型人才，在技术科学，找到了一种已经退出的，但过去仅仅是输出设备是由微小的电流，电压，人们忽视，即高文在罗柯夫斯基电流差突然觉得机器与隔膜，迫使机，其输出的是几个100和平电流s音频/视频电电压可控制与微小模型直接保护的设备，接了一个人，满足了要求保护控制措施，并基本溶化传统的电磁式电流，电压觉得与对方饱和疲软机器。

According to time, voltage stability can be divided into longer-term voltage stability and transient voltage stability.

从时间上划分，电压稳定性问题可以分为中长期电压稳定和暂态电压稳定。

In this paper, the error of true rms-to-dc converter was analyzed under the condition of offset voltage of amplifier as main error, and the offset voltage expressions for affect were given.

本文以放大器的失调电压作为误差影响因素，分析放大器失调电压对交流真有效值转换器误差的影响，并给出失调电压影响的表达式。

Buck and Boost topology switching power conversion circuits as the core of this system, ultra low power MSP430F1222 microcontroller-based controller, microcontroller produced by the PWM pulse width modulation signals, respectively, two-way control switch voltage conversion circuit the turn-on and turn-off in order to achieve the above two kinds of topology switching power conversion circuit, and then to draw power from the flow of electrical energy has been filled into the rechargeable battery, and using microcontroller A / D input voltage implementation of the monitoring, according to the input voltage switching buck - circuit at a lower cost to achieve a highly efficient energy transfer, and the circuit is simple, the parameter to determine easy, self-low power consumption,to achieve full-featured.

本系统以Buck降压和Boost升压拓扑结构开关电源变换电路为核心，以超低功耗单片机MSP430F1222为主控器，由单片机产生PWM脉宽调制信号，分别控制两路电压变换电路中开关管的导通与关断从而实现以上两种拓扑结构开关电源变换电路，进而从一直流电源中吸取电能充入可充电电池，并利用单片机A/D对输入电压实施监测，根据输入电压切换升降压电路，以较低的成本实现了高效率的电能转移，并且电路简单、参数确定容易，自身功耗低，实现功能完整。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。