电光学

The magnitude of optical electronegativity Dwglass indicates the nature of bonding in the materials.

那个 规模光学电DW的玻璃显示的性质，结合在材料。

S-doping in ZnO is expected to modify the electrical and optical properties because of the large electronegativity and size difference between S and O.

氧化锌搀杂硫能改善其电学和光学性能，因为大的电负性及硫和氧元素大小的区别。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

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According to Honda spokesman David Iida, it's the only mind-machine interface in the world that uses electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy sensors instead of surgically implanted electrodes.

本田发言人大卫·伊达表示，这是世界上唯一一个使用脑电描记法以及近红外光学传感器的人机交互头盔，而不用通过手术植入电极。

Then, the optical properties of lead lanthanum zirconate amorphous ferroelectric-like films whose composition is 5/50/50 have been studied.

其次，研究了采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备的掺镧的锆钛酸铅类铁电非晶薄膜的光学性质，化学组分为5/50/50。

To elucidate the relationship between otolith microstructure and microchemistry and the life history events of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus in the early stage, the daily growth increments, growth check, Sr/Ca ratios and trace elements in otoliths of the juvenile mullets collected from the four estuaries from NE to SW Taiwan coast from 1996 to 2004 were examined by using the light and electron microscopes, electron probe microanalyzer and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A transition check was found in otoliths of all mullets.

为了阐明乌鱼耳石微细构造、微化学与其初期生活史事件之关系，本研究於西元1996年至2004年在台湾东北至西南沿岸的四个河口域进行乌鱼稚鱼的采样，然后利用光学及电子显微镜、电子微探仪及雷射熔蚀-感应偶合电浆质谱仪分析稚鱼耳石的日周轮、锶钙比及微量元素组成之变化。

First, a series of liquid crystal polymers with different amounts of cholesterol mesogens and ferroelectric property are synthesized in this research. The structures of the compound synthesized are confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties are characterized by DSC, POM. In this research, the 3-D molecular arrangement of molecular were measured by Polarization Modulation-Attenuated Total Reflection-Flourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (PM-ATR-FTIR).

中文摘要本研究分成两个部分，第一部分为合成铁电性液晶及胆固醇液晶，以FTIR及 1H-NMR来鉴定化合物的结构，并以POM观察其液晶特有的光学纹路，用DSC来观察矽氧烷类液晶的液晶相的热转移温度并利用偏光-衰减全反射-傅立叶转换红外线光谱仪(Polarization Modulation-Attenuated Total Reflection – Flourier Transform Infrared)来探讨矽氧烷类液晶分子的三度空间排列。

Molybdenum trioxide which has good light sensitivity is widely used in preparing the photochromic and electrochromic materials.

三氧化钼因具有优良的光学特性而被广泛地用来研究制备光致、电致变色材料。

Finally, the PEC-treated LEDs are packeted as the TO-Can and Lamp formal to measure the output power. The fabricated LEDs through the PEC process have 14.6% output power enhanced compared with the general LED at 20 mA operation current.

最后将基板磨薄切割劈裂成晶粒，并且以 TO-Can 与 Lamp 形式封装，量测电性资料与光学特性，发现表面结构的改变也影响发散角度，经过处理的晶粒有较大的发散角度，最终封装成 Lamp 形式的光输出功率增加14.6%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。