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Based on the finite element inverse analysis and the least squares method, a method is established to identify loads on piezoelectric smart structures. The method chooses the piezoelectric responsive charge as the parameter in the object function.

本文从航空航天等领域利用压电智能结构进行结构健康监控的工程背景出发，对压电智能材料结构承受低能量冲击荷载及损伤的识别问题进行了研究，重点对压电智能材料结构的荷载识别方法进行了较广泛、深入的研究。

The present invention relates to a hydromagnetic accelerator and a hydromagnetic jet engine, in which the hydromagnetic accelerator includes at least one magnet, at least two electrode plates and a gas ionizer at least making the gas between said at least two electrode plates ionized, and a D.C. power supply is connected between two electrode plates.

一种磁流体加速器和一种磁流体喷气发动机，其中该磁流体加速器包括至少一个磁体，至少两个电极板和一个使所述至少两个电极板之间的气体电离的气体电离器，在所述至少两个电极板之间连接一个直流电源。

By introducing intersublattice coupling coefficient q into three-dimensional Kittle antiferroelectric model and with the aid of phenomenological theory and induced phase transition experiments, the piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling anisotropy of PZT-based materials can be explained qualitatively and quantitatively.

在三维空间的Kittle反铁电模型中引入反铁电原胞中子晶格耦合系数q，藉助于宏观唯象论和诱导相变实验，能够定性和定量地解释PZT基材料的压电和机电耦合各向异性。

Various systems are used around the world. In the case shown above, the shore supply socket on the car has a knife switch to isolate the current collector shoes from the supply. This is to avoid electric shock risks to persons working on or near the shoes.

上面的照片显示的是车辆受电插座上有一个刀开关用于将受电靴与电源隔离，避免工作人员或接近受电靴的人员触电。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed. Finally, the calculated figure was compared with the ideal paraboloid and comparison shows that more accuracy would be achieved by multi-electrode control.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

The color dielectric function and the color magnetic permeability are proposed to describe the color dielectric properties of the QCD medium.

注意到QCD中的场张量也可类比QED中的场张量分解为电分量和磁分量，因此人们也相应地引入了色介电函数和色导率来讨论QCD介质的色介电性质。

Similar to the border trap capacitance at low-frequency C-V curves, additional recombined charge per cycle at low-frequency charge pumping measurements could be attributed to the repetitive recombination of majority and minority carriers which instantly tunnel into and out of the border traps located near the high-k/oxide interface.

如同在低频电容—电压图形中的边界缺陷电容值一般，在低频电荷泵浦方法中所量测到的额外每单位循环再结合电荷载子数目，皆可归因於反覆的多数与少数载子再结合，而此一现象主要发生於高介电常数介电层/二氧化矽氧化层介面附近的边界缺陷。

The electric connector is characterized in that the male connector also comprises an insulation sheath arranged at the end of the wire and on the periphery of the male terminals, correspondingly, the female connector also comprises an insulation sheath arranged at the end of the wire and on the periphery of the female terminals, and the insulation sheath in the male connector is mutually matched with the insulation sheath in the female connector and can be inserted into the insulation sheath in the female connector.

一种电连接器，包括有公插和母插，该公插包括两个分别与电线的两极相电连接的呈棒状的公端子，该母插包括两个分别与电线的两极相电连接的呈圆筒状的母端子，所述公端子与母端子相配而可相互插配一起，其特征在于所述公插还包括设置在电线端部和公端子外围的绝缘护套，对应地，所述母插包括设置在电线端部和母端子外围的绝缘护套，并且，所述公插中的绝缘护套与所述母插中的绝缘护套相匹配而可插入到该母插中的绝缘护套之内。

The chilling tolerance appraisal of melon seed could be used germination index and vigor index at 18 , but the latter was more correct and liable, whereas germination percentage could not be used to identify chilling tolerance of seed.

3利用电导法测定了甜瓜幼苗叶片电导百分率。7℃时的电导百分率与品种的耐冷性呈极显著负相关，且品种间差异十分明显，因而能较好地鉴定甜瓜苗期的耐冷性强弱。

They go to town. Would you just ask them?

他们在城里你能问他们吗？

Ossein pretreated for a2 weeks period exhibited the maximum% yield incase of bone gelatin, while the yield from intact skin was higher than that realized incase of de-scaled skin.

预处理时间达2星期的骨胶原表现出最高的骨明胶百分产量，然而从未处理鱼皮中得到的产率比去鳞的鱼皮得到的要高。