甲醇

However, it is to be noted that activity of sodium hydroxide with respect to the ester exchange reaction is not sufficient, and in order to improve the conversion rate of the waste edible oil to 90%, it is necessary to add methyl alcohol (stoichiometrically required amount of methyl alcohol is about 3 mole with respect to 1 mole of vegetable oil) and catalyst excessively.

不过，这是必须指出的活动氢氧化钠与尊重向酯交换反应是不足够的，并且为了提高转换率的废油脂至90 ％，这是必要的添加甲醇（ stoichiometrically要求金额甲醇约3摩尔与尊重，以1摩尔植物油）和催化剂过分。

The experiment gains reaction parameters of methylal from formaldehyde and methanol,it also found a mathematical model for continuous production process.

通过实验取得了甲醛和甲醇合成甲缩醛的反应参数；建立了其连续生产工艺的数学模型，利用ASPEN PLUS软件对甲醛和甲醇缩合生成甲缩醛进行了模拟，结果表明反应精馏连续生产甲缩醛的工艺是可行的，转化率高达99%，并得到含甲缩醛99%的产物，同时确定了进料板和反应区。

A process for preparation of the potassium methylate with the potassium-mercury amalgam and methanol using Fe/C as catalyst was provided.

本文主要研究了甲醇与钾汞齐在铁/碳催化剂作用下合成甲醇钾的工艺。

Due to the ability of the bivalent magnesium cation to form stable chelate complexes with carbonyl compounds,magnesium methylate for example is used as a selective carbonyl condensing agent. Three synthesis routes was proposed based on literatures and comprehensive comparison with other ways. First,Magnesium methylate is prepared by reacting magnesium metal with dry methanol.The magnesium salts of"higher"primary alcohols,i.e.alcohols with ≥ 2 carbon atoms,do not react directly with pure alcohols under normal conditions.In fact catalysts are required to set the reaction in motion and the preparation is performed under pressure at the higher temperatures.

一、直接合成法：本文将镁与无水甲醇直接反应制得甲醇镁；"更高级"的醇（比如C≥ 2的醇）在无催化剂的条件下无法直接和镁进行反应，本文以CCl4为催化剂将无水乙醇与镁直接反应制得乙醇镁，但是以原甲酸三乙酯为催化剂无水乙醇与镁无法反应；不论是以CCl4为催化剂还是以原甲酸三乙酯为催化剂，丙醇均无法与镁直接反应。

Due to the ability of the bivalent magnesium cation to form stable chelate complexes with carbonyl compounds,magnesium methylate for example is used as a selective carbonyl condensing agent.Three synthesis routes was proposed based on literatures and comprehensive comparison with other ways.First,Magnesium methylate is prepared by reacting magnesium metal with dry methanol.The magnesium salts of higherprimary alcohols,i.e.alcohols with ≥ 2 carbon atoms,do not react directly with pure alcohols under normal conditions.In fact catalysts are required to set the reaction in motion and the preparation is performed under pressure at the higher temperatures.

一、直接合成法：本文将镁与无水甲醇直接反应制得甲醇镁；"更高级"的醇(比如C≥2的醇)在无催化剂的条件下无法直接和镁进行反应，本文以CCl_4为催化剂将无水乙醇与镁直接反应制得乙醇镁，但是以原甲酸三乙酯为催化剂无水乙醇与镁无法反应；不论是以CCl_4为催化剂还是以原甲酸三乙酯为催化剂，丙醇均无法与镁直接反应。

The cis-9, trans-11-CLA was extracted with hexane-isopropanol,methylated with methanol-sodium methylate and cis-9,trans-11-CLA was separated and quantified using gas chromatography.

样品经正己烷-异丙醇提取、甲醇-甲醇钠甲酯化后，进行气相色谱分析；采用程序升温，以保留时间定性，外标法定量。

The synthetic technology and production and application of MF at home and abroad are summarized in this paper.

本文全面综述了国内外甲酸甲酯的开发和生产情况，重点阐述了甲醇羰基化法，甲醇脱氢法，合成气直接合成法三种甲酸甲酯合成技术最新的开发状况，并指出了甲酸甲酯的应用前景。

The ammonia was evaporated under decreasing pressure, and the precipitate was filtered off and the liquid was poured into hot saturated picric acid solution to get picrate with a yield of 85.0%. The optimum process starting from imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid was: imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid in acetic anhydride was refluxed to get imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, and the product was esterification in ethanol with a catalyzer of concentrated sulfuric acid to get ethyl imidazole-4-carboxylate, at last the compound above was reduced by LiAlH4 in ether at room temperature to get the target compound, the total yield of this route was 49.6%.

以4，5-二羧酸咪唑为原料的较佳工艺：1 脱羧反应：4，5-二羧酸咪唑40g，醋酐1200ml，回流10h，过滤并将滤液浓缩至干，所得固体加至50%的乙醇溶液回流，过滤并将滤液自然冷却过夜，过滤得固体；2 酯化反应：4(5)-羧酸咪唑50g，乙醇1000ml和浓硫酸60ml，加热回流2h，5%浓度NaOH溶液调节至pH＝8，减压浓缩至干，加入少量水回流，自然冷却过夜并过滤得固体；3 还原反应：LiAlH410g，乙醚300ml和4(5)-羧酸咪唑乙酯28g，常温反应1.5h，小心滴加25ml水后过滤，滤渣溶于300ml甲醇中并过滤，收集所得乙醚和甲醇滤液浓缩至干，将所得固体溶于300ml乙醇中加热回流，后将溶液浓缩至约30ml，冷却并过滤得固体，该路线总收率为49.6%。

SDS-PAGE results showed that as to Mut+ recombinant highest yield was obtained after 4 days inducing and with the culturetime prolonged it reduced. Pokeweed antiviral protein gene expressed well when methanol concentration reached 10g/L. Pokeweed antiviral protein obtained high yield in thin acidic culture medium (pH6.0-6.4) and its quantity in total mass of secrete protein exceeded 30%.

SDS-PAGE分析结果表明，Mut~+组菌株在甲醇诱导第四天后PAP在培养液中积累量达到最高水平，延长培养时间会导致产量下降；在10g/L的甲醇浓度诱导下，PAP的表达量达到最高；培养基pH值在偏酸性条件下(6.0-6.4)PAP的表达量都维持在较高的水平。

The optimum conditions for extraction was proved practicable by condition filtration and orthogonal design with supersonic wave method .The results showed that the optimum conditions for extraction to ultrasonic method is : methanol (φ=40,20ml),and 15℃ for 30 min ,this paper has determined nicotine contents that is 23.50mg/g at absorption peak (λ=262nm) by HPLC with an eluent consisting of methanol –potass Phosphate alleciate (pH=3) with the recovery and coefficient of variation are 101.52% and 0.91%.

通过超声波提取方法进行条件筛选和正交化实验，确定了烟草中尼古丁的最佳提取条件，结果表明，超声波最佳条件是：甲醇浓度40%，固液比1：20，提取时间30 分钟，超声温度15℃，用高效液相色谱方法在波长262nm 处测定尼古丁的含量，流动相组成为甲醇：磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液=10：90，测得烟草中尼古丁的含量为23.50 mg/g，平均回收率为101.52%，相对偏差为0.91%。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。