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Results The synthesis condition was improved. The method of methane sulfonic acid/DL-methionine was found an ideal substitute of BBr3 for less cost. While using hydrobromic acid, the O-demethylation and hydrolyzation could be combined in one stage.

结果 优化了纳洛酮的合成工艺，甲磺酸／DL-甲硫氨酸法试剂价格低廉，可降低生产成本；而氢溴酸法不但试剂价格更低，还可将去氧甲基化和水解合并为一步反应，使新工艺的总收率提高到59.90%，产品质量符合中国药典。

ABSTRACT This thesis focused on the studies of setereoselectively total synthesis of naturally occurring bisabolane sesquiterpenes and hydroxamic acid derivatives; it contains the following five parts: Part Ⅰ: Hydroformylation reaction have been taken an overview for past 40 years.

本论文主要对防风根烯类倍半萜天然产物和羟肟酸类化合物的全合成进行了研究，内容概要如下：一、对近年来氢甲酰化反应——特别是不对称氢甲酰化反应作了详尽的综述。

The ammoxidation of methyl ethyl ketone to methyl ethyl ketoxime over nano-scale TS-1 was studied with a three-neck glass reactor.

在最佳反应条件下，甲乙酮的转化率和甲乙酮肟的选择性可分别达到99.4%和99.8%。

The ammoxidation of methyl ethyl ketone to methyl ethyl ketoxime over nano-scale TS-1 was studied with a three-neck glass reactor.

在最佳反应条件下，甲乙酮的转化率和甲乙酮肟的选择性可分别达到99。

Since the lesion presented above is localized both intra- and extralaryngeal, herniates through the thyrohyoid membrane into the submandibular space, is fluid-filled and communicates with the laryngeal ventricle, the cyst is most likely a mixed laryngocele. Differential diagnosis consists of ventricular appendix, thyroglossal duct cyst, submucosal cyst, abscess or pyolaryngocele.

如果一个病变表现为局限性的喉内或喉外病变，通过甲状舌骨膜疝入到下颌下间隙，其内充满了液体，通过喉室相交通，最有可能的就是混合性喉气囊肿，鉴别诊断包括ventricular appendix，甲状舌管囊肿、粘膜下囊肿、脓肿或感染性喉气囊肿

These compounds were identified as follows:chrysophanol (FP-1),physcion(FP-2),eriosematin(FP-3),scoparone(FP-4),lupeol(FP-5),betulinic acid(FP-6),3\',4\'-Dihydroxy-trans-cinamic acid octacosyl ester(FP-7),β-sitosterol (FP-8),flemiphilippinone A(FP-9),monopalmitin(FP-10),emodin(FP-11),islandicin (FP-12),salicylic acid(FP-13),p-methoxyphenylpropionic acid(FP-14),trideca-1, 3-diene(FP-15),lupinifolin(FP-16),flemichin D(FP-17),flemiphilippinin A(FP-18), auriculasin(FP-19),erythrinin B(FP-20),6-C-prenylluteolin(FP-21), 8-(1,1-dimethylallyl) genistein(FP-22),flemiphilippinin E(FP-23),flemiphilippinin F (FP-24),5,7,3\',4\'-tetrahydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone(FP-25),flemiphilippinin D (FP-26),dorsmaninsⅠ(FP-27),osajin(FP-28),6,8-diprenyleriodictyol(FP-29), lupinalbin A(FP-30),genistein(FP-31),3\'-O-methylorobol(FP-32),orobol(FP-33), 5,7,2\',3\',4\'-pentahrdroxyflavone(FP-34),the mixture of biochanin A and prunetin (FP-35 and 36),genistin(FP-37),sophororicoside(FP-38),3\'-O-methylorobol-7-glucoside(FP-39),the mixture of sissotrin and prunetin 4\'-O-β-D-glucoside(FP-40 and 41),adenosine(FP-42) and luteoloside(FP-43,mixture).

这些化合物分别为大黄酚(FP-1)、大黄素甲醚(FP-2)、eriosematin(FP-3)、滨蒿内酯(FP-4)、羽扇豆醇(FP-5)、白桦酸(FP-6)、咖啡酸二十八烷酯(FP-7)、β-谷甾醇(FP-8)、蔓性千斤拔酮A(FP-9)、单棕榈酸甘油酯(FP-10)、大黄素(FP-11)、islandicin(FP-12)、水杨酸(FP-13)、对甲氧基苯丙酸(FP-14)、十三烷-1，4-二烯烃(FP-15)、lupinifolin(FP-16)、千斤拔素D(FP-17)、蔓性千斤拔素A(FP-18)、auriculasin(FP-19)、erythrinin B(FP-20)、6-C-异戊烯基木犀草素(FP-21)、8-(1，1-二甲烯丙基)-染料木黄酮(FP-22)、蔓性千斤拔素E(FP-23)、蔓性千斤拔素F(FP-24)、5，7，3′，4′-四羟基-6，8-双异戊烯基异黄酮(FP-25)、蔓性千斤拔素D(FP-26)、dorsmaninsⅠ(FP-27)、osajin(FP-28)、6，8-双异戊烯基圣草素(FP-29)、lupinalbin A(FP-30)、染料木黄酮(FP-31)、3\'-O-甲基香豌豆苷元(FP-32)、奥洛醇(FP-33)、5，7，2′，3′，4′-五羟基黄酮(FP-34)、鹰嘴豆素甲和樱黄素的混合物(FP-35和FP-36)、染料木苷(FP-37)、槐属苷(FP-38)、7-葡萄糖基-3\'-O-甲基香豌豆苷(FP-39)、印度黄檀苷和樱黄素4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的混合物(FP-40和FP-41)、腺嘌呤核苷(FP-42)和木犀草苷(FP-43，混合物)。

GC Analysis of Alachlor·Acetochlor·Atrazine 42% SE CAO Ying, SHI Xin-jin (Sanonda Zhengzhou Pesticide Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450009, China) Abstract: A method was introduced for the determination of alachlor, acetochlor and atrazine by GC With CP-7906 capillary column and FID detector, the internal standard was nonadecane. The three compositions were analyzed easily in the same condition and column.

42%甲草·乙·莠悬乳剂的气相色谱分析曹颖，师新进(沙隆达郑州农药有限公司，郑州 450009)摘要：采用气相色谱法，在CP-7906毛细管柱上以正十九烷作内标，用FID检测器测定甲草胺、乙草胺和莠去津的含量。

That 1,4-addition reactions of Grignard agent made from 1-bromo-3-triphenylmethoxyl-1-octene and organozinc agent made from 1-iodo-3-trimethysiloxy-1-octene with 2-(6-methoxylcarbonylhexyl)-4-(2- tetrahydro-pyranyloxy)-2-cyclopentenone both gave prostaglandin 〓 methyl ester statethat prostaglandin E compounds can be prepared by 1,4-addition reaction oforganozinc agent.

最后，研究了溴化-3-三苯甲氧基-1-辛烯基镁和碘化-3-三甲硅氧基-1-辛烯基锌与2-(6-甲氧羰己基)-4-(2-四氢吡喃氧基)-2-环戊烯酮通过1，4-加成反应合成〓甲酯的方法，结果表明，用有机锌试剂通过1，4-加成反应来合成PGE类化合物是可行的。

In order to evaluate resistance risk of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae to metalaxyl, the metalaxyl-sensitive strain 240 and metalaxyl-resistant strain191 were studied. The results showed that the mutation rate of metalaxyl-sensitive strain 240 was 7.0×10–5 on CA medium with metalaxyl concentration of 10μg/mL.

为了评估烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性风险，以对甲霜灵敏感和高抗的烟草黑胫病菌240和191为出发菌株，进行了抗性突变频率测定、抗性诱变、抗性水平测定、遗传稳定性、生长速率、致病性测定和适合度等研究。

In conclusion,lacking for choline and methionine led to decrease growth performance decrease and tibia with short disease; Basal diet supplemented with 750 ppm – 1250 ppm Cholin improved Growth performance ,and prevented the occurrence of perosis. Higher dietary choline can alleviate the adverse effects of methionine and choline deficiency.

总结而论，缺乏胆碱与甲硫胺酸会导致生长性能下降和胫骨粗短症；饲粮中添加750~1250 ppm之胆碱可以改善生长性能及防止胫骨粗短症的发生；饲粮添加高剂量的胆碱，可以缓和甲硫胺酸和胆碱缺乏之不良影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。