甲状旁腺

Our data strongly suggest that some features of the osteoclastic phenotype--that are absent in pycnodysostosis--are a prerequisite for the anabolic effect of PTH on osteoblasts.

我们的数据强烈提示破骨表型的某些特征（注：此处我认为意译为破骨细胞的活化）是甲状旁腺激素增加成骨细胞数量及活性的先决条件，而这些特征是致密成骨不全症患者所不具备的。

The bone mineral density and Z score in distal 1/3 radius were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 185 he modialysis patients, meanwhile serum parathyroid hormone, alkaline phos phatase and hand X-rays were detected.

采用双能X线骨密度测定法检测185例慢性肾衰血透患者的桡骨骨密度，计算其Z值，同时检测其血清甲状旁腺素，碱性磷酸酶和指骨X照片。

MRI of IHP has some features. Symmetric high signals on both T1WI and T2WI in basal ganglia, thalami and dentate nucleus have important diagnostic value for IHP.

特发性甲状旁腺功能减退症的颅脑MRI表现具有一定特征性，双侧基底节区、丘脑及齿状核对称短T1稍长T2异常信号具有很高的诊断价值。

Indications: JiaJian hyperthyroidism, subjects, hashimoto's thyroiditis, JiaYan, parathyroid function lowly disease of mammary gland hyperplasia of mammary gland fibroma,,, prostatitis, hyperplasia, seminal vesicle phlogistic, liver cavernous hemangioma, thromboangiitis obliterans, Renault's disease, erythema limb pains, eczema, ectopic dermatitis, nodular psoriasis skin erythema, etc.

主治科目：甲亢、甲减、桥本氏甲状腺炎、亚甲炎、甲状旁腺机能低下症、乳腺纤维瘤、乳腺增生、前列腺炎、前列腺增生症、精囊炎、肝海绵状血管瘤、血栓闭塞性脉管炎、雷诺氏病、红斑肢痛症、湿疹、异位性皮炎、结节性红斑、银屑病等皮肤病。

METHODS: Osteoporosis model was prepared with injection of dexamethasonc. Antagonism osteoporosis acupoint paste on acupoints and non-neridian places was administrated to compare with oral recipe for kidney tonification in the treatment of osteoporosis. It took the changes in serum estrogen, bone density, calcitonin/parathyroid hormone, thyrotropic hormone, free T3 and free T4 as the measuring indexes. Immunocyto-chemistry stain and morphological measurement of TSH cell,follicular adenoma of thyroid gland and thyroid globulin were applied in pituitary gland and thyroid gland to observe the therapeutic results.

采用注射地塞米松建立骨质疏松模型，用抗骨松穴位贴剂(antagonism osteoporosis acupoint paste，AOAP)外贴穴位、非经非穴位、并与口服补肾方药比较治疗骨质疏松，以血清雌激素、骨密度、降钙素/甲状旁腺素、促甲状腺激素、游离T3、游离T4的变化为衡量指标，取垂体、甲状腺作促甲状腺激素细胞、C细胞和Tg等免疫细胞化学染色，并形态计量，观察其治疗效果。

A rim of normal parathyroid tissue admixed with adipose tissue cells is seen compressed to the right and lower edge of the adenoma.

在腺瘤的右侧和下方可见被挤压的混有脂肪组织正常的甲状旁腺组织。

Itamin D from the skin and diet is metabolized in the lier to 25-hydroxyitamin D (Figure 1), which is used to determine a patient's itamin D status1,2,3,4; 25-hydroxyitamin D is metabolized in the kidneys by the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to its actie form, 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D.1,2,3,4 The renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D is tightly regulated by plasma parathyroid hormone leels and serum calcium and phosphorus leels.1,2,3,4 Fibroblast growth factor 23, secreted from the bone, causes the sodium–phosphate cotransporter to be internalized by the cells of the kidney and small intestine and also suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D synthesis.5 The efficiency of the absorption of renal calcium and of intestinal calcium and phosphorus is increased in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (Figure 1).2,3,6 It also induces the expression of the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24), which catabolizes both 25-hydroxyitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D into biologically inactie, water-soluble calcitroic acid.2,3,4

从皮肤和食物来的维生素D在肝中代谢为25-羟基维生素D（图1），被用来决定病人体内维生素D情况的1，2，3，4；25-羟基维生素D在肾中被25-羟基维生素D1羟化酶（CYP27B1）转变为有活性的1，25-二羟基维生素D 。1，2，3，4由肾产生1，25-二羟基维生素D是被血浆甲状旁腺激素和血清钙，磷水平紧密调节。1，2，3，4由骨分泌的成纤维细胞生长因子23使钠磷协同转运蛋白被肾和小肠细胞内化及抑制1，25-二羟维生素D合成。5 在1，25-二羟基维生素D作用下肾和小肠吸收钙及磷的效率增高(图1)。2，3，6 它也包括25-羟四- 24 -羟化酶的表达(CYP24)，且将1，25二羟基维生素D和25羟基维生素D异化成无生物活性，水溶性的维生素D3-23羧酸。2，3，4

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PWVcf, blood albumin and parathyroid hormone.

主要观察指标：患者颈-股动脉脉搏波速度，血白蛋白和甲状旁腺激素。

Experts will often test the patient while considering rises in bone resorption and increases in phosphate that stimulates the parathyroid activities.

专家们往往会检验病人，同时考虑将上升骨吸收和增加磷酸刺激甲状旁腺活动。

Other endocrine glands include the pituitary, the thyroid and parathyroid, the adrenals and the ovaries and testes.

其它内分泌腺有垂体腺、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺、卵巢腺与睾丸腺。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。