由细胞组成的

Abrin is one of the potent toxins isolated from the beans of plant abrus precatorius.the toxic protein consists of two disulfide-bonded subunits,the a and b chains.the b chain is a galactose-specific lectin that facilitates the binding of abrin to the cell membrane that precedes endocytosis.after entering the cells,the a chain catalytically inactivates 60s ribosomal subunits by removing adenine position 4324 of 28s r–rna,and thereby inhibits protein biosynthesis.

相思子毒素是从豆科植物(abrus precatorius l。)种子中分离的一种细胞毒性蛋白。它由a，b两条链组成，由一个二硫键相联，b链具有半乳糖凝集活性，可与细胞膜上受体结合，帮助a链进入细胞内，a链进入细胞催化失活60s核糖体亚基，从而使细胞蛋白合成被抑制。

Pike protein consists of S1 and S2 subunit. S1 is head and S2 is rod-shape part, intermolecular effort can bind each other. S1 can bind with host cell epimembranal acceptor. S2 can fix integral Spike protein on the cellular membrane and mediate cell-fusion with virus and host cell. There are significant antigen determinant of virus in Spike protein, genic heterogenesis can effect viral pathogenicity. SARS-CoV Spike protein, which has 23 pieces larvaceous glycosylation sit, consists of 1256 amino acid. Its N-terminals and C-terminals is corresponding conservative.

蛋白是I型膜糖蛋白，介导病毒与宿主细胞膜上的受体结合并与宿主细胞膜相融合。S蛋白由S1和S2两个亚基组成。S1形成球状部分，S2形成棒状部分，两者之间通过分子间的作用力相互结合。S1能与宿主细胞上的受体结合，S2可把整个S蛋白固定在细胞膜上，并介导病毒包膜与宿主细胞膜融合。S蛋白上有重要的病毒抗原决定簇，S基因的突变会影响病毒的致病性。

Bamboo variation ofmicrodensity of all age-degree and all height bamboo from bamboo green tobamboo yellow as follows:The downtrend ladder of microdensity the firststage from bamboo green to bamboo yellow is relatively large,normally at theplace 0.35 from bamboo hull(the thickness of from bamboo hull to bambooyellow is 1)micro-density downtrend ladder begin to get smaller,variancerange of microdensity is smaller.When reaching near bamboo yellow area,microdensity reaches its minimum value,and when reaching bamboo yellowsection density increase rapidly,the minimum density of bamboo is only 50% orless of maximum density.Bamboo yellow is comprised of stone cells whichhave thick cell wall,so its density is high,normally 50% to 100% more thanminimum density.Bamboo yellow′s lay thickness is thin,normally the samethickness for all age-degree and all height bamboo,about 0.8mm.From 1 age-degree bamboo to 2 age-degree bamboo during growth,the increase of averagedensity is mainly in bamboo pulp section,from 3 age-degree bamboo to 4 age-degree bamboo,the decrease of average density is mainly decrease in the pulpsection.Same age,same height,the less the density ladder of bamboo radialthickness,the higher the mechanical strength.

所有年龄所有高度的竹材微密度从竹青到竹黄对材性变异规律如下：从竹青到竹黄开始下降梯度较大，一般到相对竹皮距离0.35左右处(整个竹壁厚度为1)，竹材微密度下降梯度减小，微密度的变化范围变小，到近竹黄处，微密度达最小值，而后到竹黄部位密度大幅上升，竹材最小密度一般只有最大密度的50％或更低，竹黄由厚壁的石细胞组成，所以密度较大，一般比最小密度增大约50％-100％，厚度较薄，不同年龄不同高度竹材的竹黄厚度相差无几，约在0.8mm左右；竹材从1度竹到2度竹生长过程中，平均密度的增长主要发生在竹肉部分，从3度竹到4度竹生长过程中，平均密度的下降主要发生在竹肉部分，同一年龄同一高度，竹壁厚径向的密度梯度越小，力学强度越高，随着年龄的增大，密度梯度越来越小(1度竹除外)，随着高度增加，密度梯度越来越大。

The center of adjusting the appetite in the body activities lies in the nervous system,the root cause of apositia is controlling disorder of the central nervous system,this sdudy intends to establish an animal model of apositia with the function of central inhibition according to the cause of disease to give some reference for pharmacological research of apositia.

因机体调节食欲的中枢在神经系统，厌食的根本原因在于中枢神经系统调控失常，故本研究拟建立符合致病原因的中枢抑制性厌食症动物模型，为厌食症的药理学研究提供参考依据。瘦素是肥胖基因的产物，是白色脂肪细胞分泌的一种由167个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质。

The cytoarchitectonic organization ofprojections to the insular cortex and the amygdala from the parvicellular ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus andtheparabrachial nucleus in the rat was investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase -tracing technigue; The relationship of origins of afferents to the insular cortex and the amygdala from the PBN was studied by using the retrograde transport of two fluorescent tracers; Thesynaptic connections of axonal terminals with the neuronsof the PBN were observed by means of electron microscopy.

GI主要位于岛皮质的尾侧部，DI和AI主要位于首侧部；VPpc是位于丘脑腹后核和内侧丘系之间的带状区，所含细胞较小(平均14u)，其内侧部称为腹后内侧核小细胞部，其外侧部称为腹后外侧核小细胞部；PBN位于小脑上脚周围，由三部分组成：外侧亚核、内侧亚核和Kollikor-Fuse核，其中，PBl被分为7个区、PBm被分为3-4个区；杏仁核主要由三个细胞群组成：皮质内侧核群、基底外侧核群和中央核，中央核又有内侧部、外侧部和外囊部之分。

Study the bioactivity of the n-HA/PA66 composite and the effects it would be to body's metabolism of calcium and phosphorus ion in vivo.(3) Study the osteo-conductivity and the ability to repair bone defect of the porous n-HA/PA66 composite and the feasibility use it as the scaffold of bone tissue engineering. Objects and Methods as follows: 1.To evaluate the biocompatability of nano-hydroxyapatite crystals and polyamide composite (n-HA/PA66) with the L929 cells.To proceed the morphological observation and take pictures of L929 cells after 1d,2d,4d,and 7d of co-cultured with extract of n-HA/PA66 ,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.To determine light absorbtion value of every hole under 500 nm with enzyme linked immunity instrument after 1 d,2 d,4 d,and 7 d of contact of n-HA/PA66 extract with L929 cells,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.In the meanwhile calculate the relative multiplication rate of cells,and evaluate them by six degree tests for cytotoxicity. To investigate the acute and chronic toxic reaction on the whole body induced by the new nano-hydroapatite crystals and polyamide composite(n-HA/PA66)after implanting in vivo and its effects on partial constitution of animal organs after implanting in vivo,and evaluate the potential and degree of subcuticular stimulation reaction.

本实验主要由以下三部分组成：一、n-HA/PA66 复合材料在动物体内、体外的生物相容性及生物安全性评价二、n-HA/PA66 复合材料植入动物体内的生物活性及近期对机体钙、磷代谢影响的实验研究三、网孔 n-HA/PA66 复合材料作为支架修复兔桡骨节段缺损的动物实验研究主要研究目标及方法如下：参照 GB/T16886.5-1997-ISO 10993-5：1992《医疗器械生物学评价细胞毒性试验体外法》之评价标准和要求，采用规定的 L929 细胞(小鼠结缔组织成纤维细胞)，分别经直接接触和材料浸提液与细胞共培养等方式对 n-HA/PA66 复合材料进行细胞毒性测试，采用细胞形态观察法观察两种细胞各组在 24h、48h、72h、5 天后各时相点的细胞形态学变化，并在显微镜下照相，从而对细胞与材料的生物相容性进行定性评价；同时采用细胞生长抑制法，以酶标仪定量测定评价各组 1，2，4，7 天 L929 细胞的相对增殖率，以定量测定并判别材料对细胞的毒性程度。

Their common structure and annual changing pattern of mycorhizae are as follows: Fungi infect and form endomycorrhizal structure with plants throughout the latter's grown period, and hyphae exist in the cortical cells of roots in the following four forms: Coffee-colored or yellow big peloton consisting of twisted hyphae; Dust-colored or yellow big peloton consisting of fragmentary hyphae; Colorless scattered hyphae; Orange or yellow small peloton with blurry hyphae.

发现四种杓兰的的菌根结构及其在一个生长周期中的动态变化有以下共同特征：在其成年生活期的各个时期，都有真菌入侵形成内生菌根结构，菌丝在其根部皮层细胞内有四种存在状态：咖啡色或黄色、菌丝扭结缠绕而成的大菌丝结；灰褐色或黄色、由片断菌丝组成的大菌丝结；无色、零散的菌丝；橘红色和黄色、菌丝形态模糊的小菌丝结。

This regulatory mechanism is conserved among dicots and monocots both in structure and function.

另外， 由质膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白SOS1、蛋白激酶SOS2以及Ca2+结合蛋白SOS3组成的SOS复合体对细胞的Na+稳态具有重要的调节作用，单子叶和双子叶植物之间的这种调节机制在结构和功能上具有保守性。

He terminal cell apoptosis depended on the time of complete degradation of protoplast in cell.During PCD process,all kinds of cell organelles in protoplast promoted secondary wall deposition at different degree.

EM观察结果表明纤维、基本薄壁组织细胞、导管分子的分化过程均是典型的衰退过程，它是由次生壁的沉积和原生质体的衰退这两个密切相关的过程组成。

Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness . At the cellular level , ischemic retinal injury consists of a self-reinforcing destructive cascade involving neuronal depolarisation , calcium influx and oxidative stress initiated by energy failure and increased glutamatergic stimulati on .

视网膜缺血是一常见的引起视觉损害和致盲的原因，在细胞水平上，缺血性视网膜损伤由一系列自我加强破坏性的级联放大反应组成的，包括神经元去极化，钙流入和起源于能量缺少和谷氨酸刺激的氧化应激反应。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。