由来已久的

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是"神经紊乱症"；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于"性无度"，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是"反生育欺诈"，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于"性"的关注由来已久，特别是那些"十恶不赦"，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于"性"的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断"性"已时不我待，"性"报告堆积如山，"性"治疗大张旗鼓，以此掩护夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入"危险的青春期"少年们的"性"万无一失。

Although the broadcast for such models lasts quite long time in China, it still restricts to the traditional pattern, namely, the outdate content, the formatting convention, which is due to deep social background and history reasons. Thus it should be regarded as one of problems in our country's media, as well as leading to discredit, even contradiction psychology in people's mind.

我国的典型人物报道虽然由来已久，但是长期以来，我国的典型报道局限于固有的传统模式，已经不能达到预期的宣传教育效果，甚至引起了大众的逆反心理。

The question, famed of old, by which logicians were supposed to be driven into a corner, obliged either to have recourse to a pitiful sophism, or to confess their ignorance and consequently the emptiness of their whole art, is the A58 question: What is truth?

一个由来已久而著名于世的[4]问题，人们认为是使逻辑家无所措手足的[5]，而且，或者迫使他们陷入可怜的诡辩，或者迫使他们承认自己的无知，从而承认他们的整个逻辑是空洞的。这问题就是：真理是什么？

Over the world, safeguard measures are playing a stabler and firmer role in the field of international trade.

从国际角度看，保障措施在国际贸易领域内的应用由来已久，且占据着日趋稳固的地位，WTO成立以来，成员援用保障措施的数量持续上升就是一个很好的例证。

In recent years, reconstruction of the auricle for the patient with microtia has been developmenting rapidly in China, but the relationship between ear and jaw defects in syndromic patterns of malformation cannot be found in Chinese literature.

外耳、中耳和面部的多数结构由第一、第二鳃弓衍化而来，因此，由于胚胎发育上的同源性，小耳畸形常与颌面部畸形同时存在。尽管人们对这种关系的认识由来已久，但至今大多数临床学家仍把小耳畸形看作为一个单一的畸形来处理。

Before this, the view long-standing that buys outstanding Yamaxun to tax business of treasure net B2C in order to complement of purpose about Alibaba. On July 15, with clean out treasure the Babaji in congeneric A pays treasure roundly the company, with outstanding Yamaxun the company signed cooperative agreement, pay treasure to become outstanding Yamaxun user spendable is online pay one of functions, ever media analysis points out at that time, alibaba obtains the detailed user data of outstanding Yamaxun not hard through paying treasure, this will cause outstanding Yamaxun by " incorporate into one's own forces " to the risk that cleans out treasure.

在此之前，有关阿里巴巴有意收购卓越亚马逊以补充淘宝网B2C业务的说法由来已久。7月15日，与淘宝同属阿里巴巴集团的支付宝公司，与卓越亚马逊公司签署了合作协议，支付宝成为卓越亚马逊用户可使用的在线支付功能之一，当时就曾有媒体分析指出，阿里巴巴不难通过支付宝获得卓越亚马逊的详细用户资料，这将引发卓越亚马逊被&收编&至淘宝的风险。

During the planned economy phase, the focus of competition among the local governments was on lobbing the central government into rendering more investment projects and financial appropriation to them. The battlefield for this competition lied largely in the non-system level of the central government.

建国以来，我国各级政府间为经济利益的争夺由来已久，在计划经济时代，地方政府的竞争焦点主要在游说中央政府给予地方更多的投资项目和财政拨款，这种争夺的战场主要在中央政府的非制度层面。

Geoengineering has long been the province of kooks, but as the difficulty of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions has become harder to ignore, it is slowly emerging as an option of last resort.

地球工程的研究由来已久，不过从事这项研究的都是些科学怪人。但是减缓温室效应的工作越发刻不容缓，它的难度也不容忽视。

We can find the traces of the system in such practices ranging from witness taking an oath in ancient China to the witness swearing to God while pressing his hand on the Holy Bible in modern western courts, from the system of oath helper in western history to the witness warranty sys.

宣誓制度在诉讼程序中的存续由来已久，从中国古代的盟誓行为到现代西方法庭中的证人面对《圣经》向上帝发誓，从西方历史上的辅助宣誓人制度到当今中国的证人保证书制度，我们都可以看到宣誓制度的面貌和身影。

As an independent means of resolution for disputes arising out of carriage of goods by sea, arbitration has a long history in the world, and becomes more and more popular recently. As the gray area in maritime law, the arbitration clause in Bs/L is controversial.

通过仲裁方式独立公正的解决海上货物运输中产生的争议，由来已久，近年来更有愈演愈烈之势，而这一切，都来自法律对属于整个仲裁制度核心地位的仲裁协议的认定，没有合法有效的仲裁协议，整个仲裁过程便无从谈起。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了