由来已久

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是&神经紊乱症&；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于&性无度&，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是&反生育欺诈&，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于&性&的关注由来已久，特别是那些&十恶不赦&，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于&性&的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断&性&已时不我待，&性&报告堆积如山，&性&治疗大张旗鼓，以此掩护夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入&危险的青春期&少年们的&性&万无一失。

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是&神经紊乱症&；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于&性无度&，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是&反生育欺诈&，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于&性&的关注由来已久，特别是那些&十恶不赦&，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于&性&的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断&性&已时不我待，&性&报告堆积如山，&性&治疗大张旗鼓，以此确保夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入&危险的青春期&少年们的&性&万无一失。

During the planned economy phase, the focus of competition among the local governments was on lobbing the central government into rendering more investment projects and financial appropriation to them. The battlefield for this competition lied largely in the non-system level of the central government.

建国以来，我国各级政府间为经济利益的争夺由来已久，在计划经济时代，地方政府的竞争焦点主要在游说中央政府给予地方更多的投资项目和财政拨款，这种争夺的战场主要在中央政府的非制度层面。

Long-standing financial fraud, are more rampant in recent years.

财务舞弊由来已久，近几年更加猖獗。

In view of college English teaching,time-consuming and low efficiency is stubborn illness,as well as in the most university students' passive and blind problem of English study.

引言一直以来大学英语教学存在着费时低效的问题，受到社会各界的指责与关注，这个由来已久的复杂问题是由很多方面的原因造成的，如：教学思想、教学理论、教学理念、教学模式、教学资源、教学环境等。

And, this kind oppugns long-standing, just be CCTV this.

而且，这种质疑由来已久，只不过这一次是CCTV。

Crucially, the restructuring means that software development and procurement will be wrested from individual product groups and centralised, quashing their "silo" mentality—something Sir Howard has long been trying to accomplish.

至为关键的是，重组意味着从个体产品小组手中收回并集中化软件的开发和征购任务，清除他们单兵作战的精神状态。他希望完成这一任务由来已久。

Industry Authority all members told this reporter that the resignation is not an isolated incident and sieges, and the original property is the industry's difficult to reconcile the contradictions between companies has triggered.

业委会所有成员都向记者表示，辞职事件和围攻事件不是孤立的，都是由业委会和原物业公司之间由来已久难以调和的矛盾引发的。

The three prodigies (joined by Thile's dad, Scott, on bass) really strut their eclectic hot licks on a few soaring, skittering instrumentals, but even more impressive are Nickel Creek's graceful, heartfelt harmonies on the many lovely ballads. Hot licks, when you get right down to it, are a dime a dozen; this sort of pluperfect tunefulness is a much rarer thing.--Bob Allen

在流行、电子和说唱乐等诸多流派方兴未艾的汹涌大潮面前，美国传统乡村音乐的颓势已经由来已久，而Nickel Creek的成功在于他们折中主义的智慧，留住了美国南方音乐的忠实拥趸之外，也让自己的作品洗脱了那种老旧乡村乐的&拿腔拿调&的乡土味，更显活力。

"Stiffing the foreigners in pursuit of domestic policy goals is a time-honoured practice here," says Arthur Kroeber at Dragonomics, a research company in Beijing.

北京研究公司龙洲经讯的葛艺豪表示：&为追求国内的政策目标而让外国人吃亏，是这里由来已久的做法。&

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。